6 50 4969 https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5058/FMHP_02213.JPG a21e4f5fabe958e79f325de174f4b909 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Amb el grup de visita al recinte Subject The topic of the resource Exposicions Fires Administració local Desenvolupament econòmic Conferències Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5059/FMHP_02214.JPG 58c7f54e0decb6bb0a0211188f377825 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Amb el grup de visita al recinte Subject The topic of the resource Exposicions Fires Administració local Desenvolupament econòmic Conferències Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5060/FMHP_02215.JPG 07a9bbbfcd5a6b54a731cf03a967969c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Amb el grup de visita al recinte Subject The topic of the resource Exposicions Fires Administració local Desenvolupament econòmic Conferències Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5061/FMHP_02216.JPG 4139b39895f1a81aabc48bcc28d422ec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Amb el grup de visita al recinte Subject The topic of the resource Exposicions Fires Administració local Desenvolupament econòmic Conferències Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4387/FMHP_01534.jpg d7e44b2935b7a1a330a8eb333e1f84c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Casa dels Canonges Title A name given to the resource Amb el personal de la Casa dels Canonges Subject The topic of the resource Administració autonòmica Alts càrrecs Edificis públics Jardí dels Tarongers (Barcelona, Catalunya) Fonts Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Garrigosa, Diana, 1944-2020 Grabulosa, Marta Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4388/FMHP_01535.jpg 5c48f5703a86ae48e3c95e01cf9db843 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 15/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Casa dels Canonges Title A name given to the resource Amb el personal de la Casa dels Canonges Subject The topic of the resource Administració autonòmica Alts càrrecs Edificis públics Jardí dels Tarongers (Barcelona, Catalunya) Fonts Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Garrigosa, Diana, 1944-2020 Grabulosa, Marta Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4749/FMHP_01903.JPG 2b527121c56fe6ab382d181319e7c493 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 22/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb els fotògrafs de Palau Subject The topic of the resource Fotògrafs Presidents Administració autonòmica Jardí dels Tarongers (Barcelona, Catalunya) Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Moreno, Rubén Bedmar, Jordi Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4255/FMHP_01402.JPG dd2c18d937af430eeabfbadd38cde43b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb els nets de Antoni Gutierrez Diaz Subject The topic of the resource Medalla d'Or de la Generalitat de Catalunya Presidents Consellers Avis i néts Gutiérrez Díaz, Antoni, 1929-2006 Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Saura, Joan, 1950- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4256/FMHP_01403.JPG 70e7b8817b746f85b02ac76cf179c592 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb els nets de Antoni Gutierrez Diaz Subject The topic of the resource Medalla d'Or de la Generalitat de Catalunya Presidents Consellers Avis i néts Gutiérrez Díaz, Antoni, 1929-2006 Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Saura, Joan, 1950- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4257/FMHP_01404.JPG 1a31ba19d5bf6e4352e3adc9fa49463b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb els nets de Antoni Gutierrez Diaz Subject The topic of the resource Medalla d'Or de la Generalitat de Catalunya Presidents Consellers Avis i néts Gutiérrez Díaz, Antoni, 1929-2006 Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Saura, Joan, 1950- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4258/FMHP_01405.JPG c0a9f715ae924ee96b924b1f21b8a033 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb els nets de Antoni Gutierrez Diaz Subject The topic of the resource Medalla d'Or de la Generalitat de Catalunya Presidents Consellers Avis i néts Gutiérrez Díaz, Antoni, 1929-2006 Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Saura, Joan, 1950- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/4259/FMHP_01406.JPG 0d9ae5a748f2401a69f2d57cc2cfc6e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/11/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb els nets de Antoni Gutierrez Diaz Subject The topic of the resource Medalla d'Or de la Generalitat de Catalunya Presidents Consellers Gutiérrez Díaz, Antoni, 1929-2006 Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Pujol, Jordi, 1930- Saura, Joan, 1950- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/2926/FMHP_00065.jpeg 2ac63dba0cffd5ab72e579c14249dc3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 04/05/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Amb grup de llibretaires del Gremi de Llibreters Subject The topic of the resource Reunions Gremis Llibreters Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Mascarell, Ferran, 1951- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/1637/0000000789.pdf c1449e648a3c12447aa691dc033808bc PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Amb Zapatero he tingut diferències de ritme, però no d'estratègia Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived El Periódico Language A language of the resource Català Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- De Toro, Suso Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Type The nature or genre of the resource Entrevista Subject The topic of the resource Estatut Espanya Catalunya Rodríguez Zapatero, José Luis, 1960- Territoris Acció política Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-07-15 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Entrevistes https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/21/1715/0000000972.pdf 7d0194039557425b38bf50f2a6775401 PDF Text Text público Domingo, 23 de noviembre de 2008 www.publico.es 15 «América no es tanto una tradición que continuar como un futuro que realizar» –Octavio Paz– América / Europa Asuntos&cuestiones gran Wyoming Dominio público pasqual maragall Cuando la verdad divide a los españoles Ex presidente Generalitat de Catalunya P or primera vez en años, en muchos años, América y Europa están a la par. A la par en renta por cabeza y a la par en casi todo. Es cierto que Europa tiene más igualdad. Es decir: la disparidad de rentas es menor en Europa que en América. Los americanos, para ser ricos, han tenido que echar mano de muchos pobres, por decirlo así –hace menos de un siglo tenían aún esclavos, en su mayoría negros–. Pero digámoslo todo: de poner orden, o desorden, en el mundo, se ocupan los americanos. Quizás las dos cosas tengan que ver. Dicho de otro modo, los europeos tienen más idiomas, más culturas, y Estados Unidos más armas. Los europeos, para ser en promedio ricos, no necesitan envilecer tanto los salarios como los americanos. Aquí hay más igualdad. Y, encima, hay más diversidad. Aquí no hay un solo idioma, o dos. Aquí hay un montón, aunque verdad es que todos acabamos hablando inglés, el latín moderno que todo el mundo más o menos conoce, excepto algunos políticos cercanos. Yo soy europeo hasta el tuétano, entre otras cosas por razones derivadas de la diversidad de mis progenitores: ingleses, catalanes, valencianos, andaluces... Pero también por vocación propia y por formación. A los 17 años ya corría por París. A los 24, al día de casarme, me fui con Diana, mi esposa, alumna del Liceo Francés, a vivir seis meses en París. Volvimos acá, tuvimos dos hijas y al poco nos fuimos a pasar dos años en Nueva York. Lo digo para poner en contexto mi experiencia americana. Cada uno tiene la suya, si la tiene... y todos la tenemos, aunque sólo sea por las películas que nos hemos tragado. Mi experiencia particular es la siguiente: en Nueva York estudiábamos en la New School, fundada por los alemanes que habían huido del nazismo, muchos de ellos, posiblemente, judíos: Heilbronner, Hymer, etc. Marcuse y Shönberg, que, por cierto, vivió en Barcelona hasta la llegada de Franco, pasaban frío en Nueva York y se fueron a California... Bromas aparte, nosotros pasamos mucho frío en invierno y bastante calor en verano, pero, en todo caso, después de unos inicios durillos, nos acabamos enamorando de la ciudad. Dicho sea en beneficio o perjuicio de la ecuanimidad de los comentarios que puedan leerme sobre América. Habría que añadir que Norteamérica no es tan solo Nueva York, sino que, en cierto sentido, Nueva York es la antítesis de EEUU y de América en general. Se trata de la única ciudad, o casi, con densidades europeas. Mi tesis doctoral, sobre los precios del suelo, se basó en el contraste entre América y Europa en este senti- E patrick thomas Todos tenemos nuestra experiencia americana, aunque sólo sea por las películas que nos hemos tragado Europa y América están condenadas a entenderse, y parece que en la era de Obama van a poder reencontrarse do: Europa es densa en habitantes y estrecha en territorio, y América, proporcionalmente, todo lo contrario. Los europeos iban a América, del Norte y del Sur, en busca de metales preciosos, pero lo que encontraron, sobre todo, fue espacio. “Going West” fue la consigna de los europeos que cruzaban el charco con la esperanza de encontrar espacio y metales preciosos. Chaplin se apiñaba junto a cientos de emigrantes británicos e irlandeses en el barco que le condujo a Nueva York, donde, en películas como The Kid (El Niño), pintaba vívidamente las aventuras y desventuras de esas gentes. América era, para ellos, Eldorado. Como para los españoles lo fue América Latina, donde, en efecto, los metales preciosos abundaban más que en el Norte. Quizás por ello, el Norte es hoy más rico. Porque había que trabajar, espabilarse, inventar y acertar para salir adelante. Los hispanos buscaban oro. Y encontraron resistencia y civilizaciones enormemente más complejas que las del norte. Los españoles, en parte, fueron seducidos por los indígenas, a quienes sin duda maltrataron y en ocasiones exterminaron. Pero aprendieron mil cosas de ellos. Y aprehendieron otras mil. La Malinche, dicen, se las arregló para traducir el idioma nativo a Cortés, pero Cortés se llevó a Europa el oro que enriqueció a España, primero, y que acababa después en manos de los piratas ingleses. Isabel I ennoblecía inmediatamente a esos piratas: Francis Drake llegó a ser Sir Francis gracias al oro que pirateó a los españoles en el Golfo de Vizcaya. Keynes –que ahora vuelve a estar de moda– lo explicó muy clarito en un artículo titulado The Spanish Booty. “Se es conquistador cuando no se puede ser pirata” era la frase de moda en la Inglaterra isabelina. Con todos estos antecedentes, se entenderá que nos emocionara oír a los gobernantes españoles tratando de obtener una silla en el G-20, el grupo de los países más poderosos del mundo, no el G-7, que son los que tradicionalmente han mandado: ¡el G-20! Menos mal que Sarkozy nos ayudó. Aunque se comprende que esas cumbres en las que, en el descanso, cuando se habla informalmente (y por tanto en serio) entre líderes, de tú a tú, el que no sabe un mínimo de inglés lo pasa mal. Volviendo al principio: Europa y América están condenadas a entenderse, si bien, en reuniones como mí- nimo a 6 o 7, con Rusia, China, Mercosur, etc. España hará bien en tratar de hacer humildemente los deberes, empezar por abajo, sin arrogancia, olvidando un pasado imperial que no encanta a nadie, trabando alianzas serias, sin paternalismo, con los países iberoamericanos, escuchándoles en vez de hacerles callar, aliándose con sus figuras más respetadas, con los sucesores de Allende, con los dirigentes de Uruguay, Brasil y Argentina, con el mundo cultural iberoamericano que tanto nos ha dado, de García Márquez a Vargas Llosa; rescatando y respetando la figura del Libertador venezolano, Simón Bolivar, que tiene una efigie caminante en Barcelona, junto al mar. Si no por otra cosa, por la amabilidad y el cariño con que estos países acogieron a nuestros exilados cuando el franquismo los alejó de España: cuando Jiménez de Asúa, los Trias, los Pi Sunyer, Anselmo Carretero y los federalistas leoneses, y miles de gallegos, cuando Bergamín y Soria, Bosch Gimpera y tantos otros, llegaron, esta vez no conquistadores ni vencedores, sino vencidos, a las costas americanas. Parece que América y Europa, en la era de Obama, van a poder reencontrarse. Los 200.000 europeos que aclamaron a Obama en Berlín eran algo más que un presagio. Eran el inicio de un re encuentro en el que no podemos faltar. participa en: blogs.publico.es/dominiopublico l empeño por condenar al olvido lo que se desconoce es complejo. Se trata, una vez más, de ocultar la verdad, como hicieron los próceres de la patria cuando dictaron una ley de punto final sobre la dictadura, amnistiando a responsables de delitos inexistentes. Obviaron el detalle de especificar qué es lo que se amnistiaba. Los militares apuntaban con las armas y era difícil hablar. Ahora que aparecen evidencias de que miles de niños fueron secuestrados, robados a sus padres y entregados a otras familias, surgen de nuevo voces, en el Partido Popular, afirmando que ese tema divide a los españoles y que, además, según Ana Mato, no interesa a nadie, razón por la que hay que enterrarlo. Habrá que fijar en qué cuneta de la Historia hacemos una fosa común para que nadie sepa nunca la magnitud de los crímenes cometidos por aquellos patriotas a los que hemos dedicado tantas plazas, monumentos y fechas conmemorativas. No sé qué se han creído que son estos señores diputados de la oposición, pero, en ningún caso, el voto les concede el derecho a decidir qué somos los demás y, mucho menos, a pensar por nosotros. Bastante hemos tenido con librarnos de la fe obligatoria, para que ahora nos impongan lo que nos interesa o no. A mí sí me interesa señora, y mucho. Si el hecho de conocer la verdad, lejos de llevarles a la reflexión, les hace recular hacia la trinchera para apuntalar con la censura crímenes contra la humanidad, lo que debemos hacer los defensores de la paz y la libertad es ahondar en el conocimiento de los hechos para librarnos de esa sombra que planea sobre nuestra joven democracia y la intoxica con la ignominia de la legitimación del crimen. Dice usted, señora Mato, que esto divide a los españoles. Sólo puede haber dos grupos. Los que se indignan ante los crímenes, violaciones y secuestros de niños, y los que no. No basta con condenar a ETA, hay más criminales aborrecibles que denunciar, aunque sean de los nuestros. Un poco de dignidad y decencia, ya toca. participa en: blogs.publico.es/ asuntos&cuestiones � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 13. Expresident de la Generalitat de Catalunya Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 -- Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Description An account of the resource Sèrie documental que recull la documentació generada a partir de desembre de 2006, com a expresident. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource América / Europa Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Castellà Subject The topic of the resource Estats Units Europa Globalització Economia Model social Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1557 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Público Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-11-23 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Articles https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/23/864/0000000600.pdf f59de5a551be29d37ce2d4fb81299ca2 PDF Text Text Andonis Tritsis y Bagdad Article de Pasqual Maragall publicat a El Pais Febrero de 1991: el alcalde de Atenas coge un avión a Ammán (Jordania) y luego un coche por el desierto hasta Bagdad. Se llama Andonis Tritsis. Ha sido campeón griego de atletismo, ex socialista, independiente, y es reciente ganador de las elecciones frente a Melina Mercuri. Está impresionado por el ataque a la ciudad árabe y le ha ido a decir lo siguiente al alcalde local: "Mi país, miembro de OTAN, está en guerra con el suyo. No discuto las razones. Sólo he venido a decirle que los ciudadanos de Atenas no están en guerra con los de Bagdad". Estuvo tres días en la ciudad, lo que tardó en encontrar al alcalde. Aquélla ya fue una guerra tremendamente clarificadora, inusualmente sincera. Según vi en la televisión desde Nueva York, a la pregunta sobre qué hacía en Irak, un soldado americano contestó sonriente: "Echarles una mano a éstos". "¿Cómo, cómo?". "Sí: dicen que su religión les garantiza el cielo si mueren en guerra". El ateo Sadam Husein, después de invadir Kuwait sin preguntar a nadie -como ahora los Estados Unidos y Gran Bretaña, como siempre, como en todas las guerras-, cuando fue a su vez atacado, declaró que la serpiente del diablo anidaba en Washington, a lo que Bush padre contestó que Dios estaba en el brazo de sus soldados en el desierto. Andonis Tritsis lo veía distinto. Creo que fue el precursor de una indignación mundial que ahora ha estallado. Cuando hubo visto al alcalde de Bagdad, se volvió a casa. No mucho después se acercó a Madrid a una reunión de alcaldes. Yo era presidente de los alcaldes europeos, coincidimos en la cena, y me contó la historia de su viaje, una historia que luego me ha perseguido siempre, como una quimera envidiable, como un perfume raro. Cuando viajé luego a Atenas, Andonis había muerto. Le pedí al nuevo alcalde que me acompañara al cementerio y depositamos unas rosas rojas en su tumba. Esta vez no hemos ido ninguno a Bagdad. Y eso que esta vez la cosa estaba mucho más clara. De Bush padre a Bush hijo hay un trecho, imagino que descendente. A Bush padre le conocí en 1986, cuando era vicepresidente, y le fui a contar, durante la renegociación de las bases americanas en España, algo que los norteamericanos no entendían: que los soldados americanos, en Barcelona, en mi ciudad, por ejemplo, no habían sido nunca vistos como libertadores, a diferencia de lo que ocurría en Nápoles o en Roma. Allí llegaron como libertadores. Aquí habían llegado de la mano de un dictador. Creo que Barcelona debe seguir agazapada en el rincón de los recuerdos de Bush Sr., porque de las 300 ciudades del mundo que se manifestaron contra la guerra el 15 de febrero, sólo Barcelona le vino a la mente cuando trató de restarle importancia al hecho. Yo sí recuerdo por supuesto su contestación a mis palabras: "Usted habla no de su opinión, sino de lo que creen sus ciudadanos". "Cierto". "Pues yo le voy a contar la opinión de los ciudadanos de las 50 ciudades que acabo de visitar" (era noviembre, campaña electoral): "What the hell are we doing in Spain?". "¿Qué demonios estamos haciendo en España?". Querían decir: "¿Qué estaremos haciendo para que nos quieran echar...? ¡Si les estamos ayudando! A estos españoles no hay quien los entienda". Con Bush padre coincidimos 10 años más tarde en Barcelona. Quería que Colin Powell fuera candidato a vicepresidente en las elecciones del 96, con el senador Dole, al que veía con poca fuerza para vencer al entonces presidente Clinton, que le había vencido a él en el 92. La mujer de Powell se oponía; estaba convencida de que matarían a su marido si era candidato, igual que habían matado a Martín Luther King, a Malcom X y a los hermanos Kennedy. Bush vino a Barcelona para embarcarse en un crucero de convencimiento con el matrimonio Powell, pero el plan fracasó. En realidad, su argumento iba más lejos: si Powell iba en el ticket con Dole, éste ganaría, pero dada su edad, no iba a repetir, con lo que Powell podía convertirse luego en el primer presidente negro de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Ése era un proyecto enormemente atractivo. A veces pienso que en realidad Bush presentía confusamente que algo malo podía pasar en el futuro y que pretendía conjurar ese peligro. Todo ello me lleva a confesarles un pensamiento que no me puedo sacar de encima desde hace días: hemos desperdiciado 14 años maravillosos, desde la caída del muro de Berlín para acá. Hemos tocado el cielo con los dedos: en el fin del sitio de Sarajevo, en la Conferencia Euromediterránea de Barcelona, en la de Madrid sobre Israel y Palestina, en el poner fin a la matanza de Kosovo, en el Tratado de Kioto, en el foro de Porto Alegre y su conexión, frágil todavía, con el de Davos, en la ansiada ampliación al Este de la Unión Europea, con el euro, en Irlanda del Norte a partir del Viernes Santo del 98, etcétera. Pero hemos abandonado el Mediterráneo. Estamos con Israel y Palestina donde estábamos cuando el acuerdo de Oslo. Bagdad es el centro, uno de los centros, del imaginario colectivo árabe. Y los árabes estuvieron casi ocho siglos en España, del 711 después de Cristo al 1492, fíjense, más que los europeos en América, desde 1492 al 2002 van cinco siglos. Y los ingleses en Norteamérica, algo menos. Se dirá que los tiempos son más densos hoy que ayer, que pasan más cosas por minuto... Que digan lo que �quieran: el Ayuntamiento de Vinaixa le ha escrito una carta al ministro marroquí de Exteriores, Benaissa, invitándole a visitar el municipio que fundó aquí su familia. El ministro no ha contestado, pero el imaginario compartido está ahí, sepultado y sin embargo intrigante, quizá vivo. Y el municipio, o mejor la pedanía, de Baldomá, en Artesa de Segre, Lleida, debe su nombre a la contracción de Valle de Omar y tiene todavía el Camí de la Mesquita. Bagdad suena a ensueño, a origen de las migraciones que llegaron a Tarifa y más tarde a Córdoba. A arte, a refinamiento, a imperio, a cultura, a lucha como siempre entre dinastías sofisticadas y familias guerreras, aunque en nuestro caso, contra toda lógica, ganaron las refinadas y emigraron hacia acá las guerreras. Pero esa dinastía guerrera se refinó en el camino. Cruzó El Cairo, Alejandría, Etiopía, pasó por Kairuan, la segunda Meca, en el sur de Túnez, y llegó al Magreb antes de saltar el Estrecho. Y luego hizo (ellos o sus sucesores) Córdoba y Toledo, y luegose refugió en Granada, hoy el segundo destino turístico musulmán después de La Meca árabe. Catalunya se dividió en dos. La Catalunya Vella y la Catalunya Nova. La Vella, de los Pirineos hasta Barcelona, era cristiana y franca: una marca europea en península "mora" (el paraíso perdido de nuestros nacionalistas). Su capital moral fue Ripoll, sus líderes, abades y obispos. La Catalunya Nova (las actuales provincias de Tarragona y Lleida, aproximadamente) era más "mora" que cristiana, aunque también judía: mestiza. El sitio de Miravet, castillo de la Orden de los Templarios en el Bajo Ebro, cuyo asedio por Jaime II se representa cada verano en un ambiente de embrujo, es toda una pieza de convicción sobre nuestra historia bajo medieval: ahí está la artesanía del riego, la cultura magrebí del agua, que tantas lecciones está dando a los redentores hidrológicos de vía estrecha que pueblan hoy la capital de España. Hasta el granadino que preside el Tribunal Constitucional sueña aquellos chorros de distintos colores. Bagdad queda lejos, y sin embargo está ahí detrás, escondida bajo nuestro pasado, nuestra música, nuestros sueños. Pero sobre todo Bagdad está presente en las cabezas de millones de árabes y musulmanes. Si uno lo piensa bien, es chocante la "habilidad" con que los think tanks norteamericanos han aconsejado a sus dirigentes políticos: está claro que en esos "tanques del pensamiento" el tanque cuenta más que lo otro. Edward Said ha explicado tan bien como sólo un profesor de la Universidad de Columbia puede hacerlo que los arabólogos y orientalistas americanos habían preparado el terreno desde hace tiempo para ese salto en el vacío del Gobierno americano en el mapa de Oriente. Pero por más que le demos vueltas no podemos llevarnos a engaño: nuestra generación, o nuestras generaciones activas, han perdido bastantes años de socialdemocracia europea y de liberalismo americano sin solucionar el conflicto básico, que es el de Israel y Palestina. La obscenidad de esa guerra, de esos suicidios y de esas represalias, no podían terminar sino muy mal. Hay un momento para la indignación ignorante de los justicieros que nos gobiernan, y ese momento no ha sido desaprovechado. Pero hubo un momento, un largo momento, para la indignación racional de los justos moderados y ese momento se desaprovechó, a pesar de la tozudez benevolente de los Moratinos y Solanas. Tengo la amarga sensación de que los moderados que pueden quedar en el campo intransigente de la gobernación americana de hoy van a traernos la paz en Palestina, pero sólo después de haber pagado el altísimo precio de una guerra obscena y de haber confirmado ante los ojos atónitos de la humanidad que nuestra especie sólo obtiene el bien tras haber perpetrado el mal hasta la saciedad. Ojalá (inchalà, en árabe) que esos ojos atónitos hayan comprendido, como parece ser que ha ocurrido, que otro mundo es no sólo necesario, sino posible. Ahora nosotros tenemos la palabra. Nuestros hijos y nietos la tendrán dentro de unos años. Si alguna recomendación les podremos hacer es que se fijen en la importancia que va a tener la construcción desde abajo, desde los ciudadanos y las ciudades, de puentes de entendimiento. Si así ocurre, Andonis Tritsis descansará tranquilo, como se merece. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 04.02. Activitat política Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació generada en relació a Pasqual Maragall en la seva activitat als partits i associacions d'àmbit polític: Front Obrer de Catalunya (FOC), Convergència Socialista de Catalunya (CSC), Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), Ciutadans pel Canvi (CpC). Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1353 Title A name given to the resource Andonis Tritses y Bagdad Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived El País Language A language of the resource Castellà Subject The topic of the resource Acció política Relacions Internacionals Mediterrània Alcaldes Guerra Atenes Bagdad Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-05-06 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Articles https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/2903/FMHP_00042.jpeg f47e454f1a6ed411682b4ab3f9137f3e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 18/07/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Gran Teatre del Liceu Title A name given to the resource Aniversari 25è aniversari d’Ecotècnia Subject The topic of the resource Cooperativa Energia eòlica Energia solar Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Cabré, Miquel Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/12/2858/Anselmo_Carretero_Pasqual_Maragall_i_l_Espanya_plurinacional_politica_prosa.pdf 89cd9be1974b2c472b633dcd1b8ff95f PDF Text Text 12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa Idioma CAT ES SUBSCRIURE'M ACCÉS SUBSCRIPTORS  ON TROBAR LA REVISTA QUI SOM? AUTORS CONTACTA  VEURE EL MEU COMPTE   SORTIR   ACCÉS SUBSCRIURE'M ARA SUBSCRIPTORS REVISTA EDITORIALS POLÍTICA DOSSIER CULTURA  PERSONES  PARTICIPACIÓ   Cerca... NÚM. 73 POLÍTICA | SUBSCRIPTORS Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional Tots dos pensaven que la idea de «nació de nacions» respon molt millor a la nostra història que no pas el relat d’una nació única, uniformadora i excloent Anselmo Carretero Txema Castiella 24 OCTUBRE 2024 Gestionar el consentiment https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 1/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa  E     l novembre del 2002 Pasqual Maragall, que encara no era president de la Generalitat, va enviar una carta oberta al llavors president del govern, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. Es tracta d’una carta que, encara que eminentment política, té un to personal i aquell registre de reflexió amb què Maragall aconseguia una atenció especial. Hi elogia l’estil dialogant de Zapatero i constata que una de les estratègies de confrontació de la dreta per oposar-se al seu govern és «relanzar un nacionalismo español fatuo y agresivo. Con esa actitud y ese lenguaje se compromete el futuro de España como unión de los pueblos que la forman, que es precisamente lo que la Constitución y los Estatutos garantizan». La concepció d’Espanya és un tema tan recurrent que pot cansar, però aquesta recurrència en la nostra història no fa res més que assenyalar que tenim un problema amb el model d’Estat, que històricament no s’ha adequat a la nostra pluralitat. Maragall és conscient del material delicat que viatja amb el debat identitari, però, precisament per això, considera necessari abordar-lo. «Ese tema de las identidades –escriu a Zapatero– es el que más fácilmente puede inflamar pasiones y prohibirnos que cumplamos con nuestras obligaciones sociales. Pero también, y de modo muy principal, porque tú y yo las sentimos profundamente y, siendo distintas, las https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 2/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa compartimos. Porque tenemos la obligación de explicarlas y hacerlas respetar.» I per això evoca el pensament d’un veterà militant socialista i republicà: «Tu compatriota Anselmo Carretero, el segoviano-leonés muerto en México hace poco, el amigo de los catalanes exiliados, de los Bosch i Gimpera y de los Xirau, el infatigable propagador de la España nación de naciones, nos obliga mucho. Los socialistas de España tenemos en él un referente de un valor inmenso». Anselmo Carretero és un vell conegut dels estudiosos del federalisme a Espanya, però un gran desconegut per a la majoria, encara que Enric Juliana el va rescatar en algunes memorables cròniques durant el procés. Nascut el 1908 a Segòvia, fill de Luis Carretero Nieva, pare del regionalisme castellà, Anselmo es va formar a la Residencia de Estudiantes, va ser enginyer, militant del PSOE des de jove i defensor de la República. Amb la derrota republicana serà un dels molts exiliats acollits per un Mèxic fraternal i des d’aquest exili mexicà desenvoluparà, en paral·lel a la seva activitat com a enginyer agrònom, una intensa tasca intel·lectual per estudiar les nacionalitats espanyoles. PUBLICITAT https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 3/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa Observa i analitza les diferències importants que hi ha entre els diversos pobles que conformen Espanya i escriu que un viatger «notará mayores diferencias aparentes entre un vasco y un andaluz, un catalán y un extremeño, un aragonés y un gallego que entre un alemán y un austríaco, un sueco y un noruego, un argentino y un uruguayo». Carretero no hi veu cap problema, al contrari. Celebra aquesta diversitat i no té inconvenient, seguint les petjades de Pi i Margall o del seu pare mateix, a considerar que Espanya és una comunitat de pobles, de nacionalitats diferents, fruit de la història i de la voluntat de la gent. Serà ell qui parlarà d’Espanya com d’una nació de nacions, una expressió afortunada que produeix urticària i pànic en molts que conceben Espanya amb una fe més religiosa que racional. Una estreta amistat Però quina és la vinculació de Pasqual Maragall i Anselmo Carretero? Carretero havia fet amistat amb Jordi Maragall, fill del poeta Joan Maragall i pare de Pasqual, a través de Basi Mira. Anselmo i Basi, que seria la dona de Jordi Maragall, s’havien conegut a Madrid el 1931, quan ella estudiava a la Institución Libre de Enseñanza, fundada per Giner de los Ríos, en la mateixa època en què Anselmo estudiava a la Residencia de Estudiantes. Allí van treballar una bona amistat. Tant és així que quan el ja matrimoni Maragall viatja el 1964 a Mèxic, i coincideixen en un sopar amb Anselmo Carretero, Jordi Maragall explica divertit com es va «alarmar https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 4/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa en veure un senyor que s’abraçava tan cordialment a Basi». De tornada a Madrid, Jordi escriu donant Pasqual Maragall va notícia que ha llegit aprofitar la seva estada d’estudiant als Estats d’una tirada el llibre Las nacionalidades españolas. «Es bueno, Units per viatjar a Mèxic i conèixer claro y preciso», Carretero. escriu. Des d’aquella primera carta del 1964 fins a la darrera el 1996 s’estén una àmplia correspondència (dipositada a la Fundació Pablo Iglesias) que és el testimoni d’una estreta amistat, on no falten les felicitacions de Nadal, telegrames, postals… però sobretot cartes, llargues cartes on flueix un diàleg, preocupat i esperançat en proporcions diverses, sobre la naturalesa d’Espanya. Les cartes de l’exili són un gènere literari en si mateixes, una fórmula epistolar sobre la qual es va construir un exercici estimulant de reflexió i d’entesa cordial. Jordi Maragall reconeixerà en Anselmo Carretero un «dels pocs que ens comprenen», perquè és un castellà que valora la defensa que fa Catalunya de la seva personalitat política i cultural i entén – sense necessitat de lleis– que la diversitat de llengües és un dels tresors culturals principals d’Espanya. La relació política s’intensifica amb la Transició democràtica, que permet a Carretero viatjar esporàdicament a Espanya, on vol influir en el debat constituent: «Mi interés en que esta obra – escriu en 1977 a Jordi, referint-se al seu llibre Los pueblos de España– se imprima pronto es porque el https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 5/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa período electoral, que parece aproximarse de verdad, y la etapa constituyente que le ha de seguir han de hacer de mayor actualidad e interés que nunca la cuestión de las nacionalidades y de las autonomías regionales y la constitución federal del Estado español». Aquesta visió federal els uneix i Jordi Maragall publicarà un article a la premsa catalana amb el significatiu i carreterià títol «Espanya, nació de nacions», on glossa i elogia l’obra Las nacionalidades españolas. Precisament diversos pares de la Constitució –entre ells Peces-Barba o Miquel Roca– atribueixen al treball de Carretero la inclusió del terme «nacionalitats» a la Constitució de 1978. PUBLICITAT Malgrat el soroll interessat L’obra d’Anselmo s’emmarca en l’estima que professava cap als catalans. Per a Carretero, Catalunya era un exemple per a altres pobles d’Espanya i el germen del federalisme que ell propugnava. En una altra carta a Jordi Maragall https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 6/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa escriu «pues, contra lo que suele afirmarse, las concepciones políticas más cabales de la nación española han salido hasta nuestra época de mentes catalanas», entre les quals cita Pi i Margall, el poeta Joan Maragall o Bosch i Gimpera. La història confirma, malgrat el soroll interessat, que els avenços que s’han produït en la vertebració plural d’Espanya sempre han vingut per l’impuls català, com afirmava Carretero. La darrera polèmica sobre el finançament singular no deixa de ser, en potència, un pas més cap a un federalisme també fiscal. Aquesta relació amb els «amics catalans» s’havia iniciat els primers anys de l’exili i se simbolitza en la profunda amistat amb Pere Bosch i Gimpera. Però, a més, com que Carretero va ser sempre un militant del PSOE, les relacions amb els socialistes catalans suposen un capítol destacat de la seva trajectòria. Va escriure a la publicació L’hora socialista un treball sobre federalisme i socialisme a Espanya, va fer amistat amb Lluís Armet, amb Raimon Obiols, amb Solé Tura… A la darrera carta que Anselmo escriurà a Jordi el 1996 diu: «Nunca olvido que mis ideas sobre las nacionalidades y mis concepciones sobre la nación española donde han encontrado mayor calor e inteligente acogida ha sido entre los socialistas catalanes y los compañeros de la Fundación Rafael Campalans». Tot i que el PSOE ha tingut al llarg de la seva història un corrent federalista (des de Besteiro o Largo Caballero fins a Jáuregui o Ximo Puig més recentment), les posicions de Carretero eren minoritàries al Comitè Federal del PSOE. https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 7/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa Una esperança d’entesa És en aquest context doble, d’amistat amb la família Maragall i de sintonia amb els socialistes catalans, on s’emmarca la relació entre Pasqual Maragall i Anselmo Carretero. Pasqual va aprofitar la seva estada d’estudiant als Estats Units per viatjar a Mèxic i conèixer personalment Anselmo. Són dues generacions diferents: la de la República i la de la Transició democràtica. Pasqual descobrirà en el vell amic del seu pare un inspirador de les visions federalistes d’una Espanya diferent i, sobretot, reconeixerà en Carretero una esperança d’entesa entre els pobles d’Espanya. Carretero segueix des de Mèxic la carrera de Pasqual Maragall i veu amb entusiasme com el fill del seu amic és elegit alcalde de Barcelona, impulsa la seva gran transformació, lidera un socialisme modern i desacomplexat i projecta la ciutat a escala internacional. Celebra com a propi l’èxit dels Jocs Olímpics de 1992. PUBLICITAT https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 8/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa Amb motiu de la mort de Carretero, l’any La història confirma 2002 a Ciutat de Mèxic, que els avenços que s’han produït a la Pasqual Maragall escriu al director del diari El Mundo, Pedro J. Ramírez, celebrant la vertebració plural d’Espanya sempre han necrològica que hi ha vingut per l’impuls català, com afirmava escrit César González- Anselmo Carretero. Calero i sent la necessitat de fer-hi alguna aportació: «El punto en que Anselmo superó a todos, anticipándose en muchos años a la Constitución de 1978, fue el del concepto de España como nación de naciones. Si se quiere entender bien la Constitución cuando habla del pueblo español como fuente de soberanía y de los pueblos de España como componentes básicos de esa soberanía, léase la obra de Carretero, léase su conferencia sobre Castilla y Cataluña en el Casal català de México, creo recordar que presentado por Bosch i Gimpera, que fue rector de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, durante la República». Pasqual Maragall intuïa que allò que havia esdevingut durant l’exili republicà, a Mèxic i a altres països, tenia un paper destacat en la manera d’abordar la transició democràtica i la plurinacionalitat. L’exili havia estat font de diàleg, fraternitat i reflexió entre forces diferents. A l’article «Parece mentira», publicat el 2005 a El País, va escriure el següent: https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 9/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa «La España que había enfrentado a castellanos y catalanes, y a la España profunda con Madrid y Barcelona, generó en 1939 un exilio extraordinario, muy singular. No se entiende la estabilidad cierta de los últimos 25 años sin la forzosa, pero profunda y genuina, amistad entre catalanes y castellanos, vascos y gallegos, andaluces y asturianos, forjada fuera de España, mayormente en el exilio americano. Parece como si el castigo de la dictadura hubiera obligado a los díscolos pueblos de España, expulsados del aula peninsular, a reconstruir un lenguaje educado y común fuera de ella.» PUBLICITAT ‘Parece mentira’ En aquest article, Maragall lamenta que tota aquesta amistat profunda «no baste para que la España de la desconfianza haya bajado banderas y aceptado que es una nación de naciones, como defendió mejor que nadie Anselmo Carretero, también exiliado en México y asiduo a los Congresos del PSOE, donde defendía sus ideas a las tantas de la madrugada». I acabava el seu https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 10/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa article amb aquestes paraules tan actuals: «Parece mentira que tantos años después estemos todavía bregando con las mismas incomprensiones que entonces se empezaron a franquear.» La proposta del nou Estatut d’Autonomia de Carretero parlarà Catalunya, impulsada d’Espanya com una nació de nacions, una per Pasqual Maragall, aprovada al Parlament de Catalunya, a les Corts i ratificada de nou a Catalunya, va ser un intent d’avançar en aquesta articulació expressió afortunada que produeix urticària i pànic en molts que conceben Espanya amb una fe més religiosa que racional. plurinacional d’Espanya. En una conferència pronunciada el setembre de 2003 a les Drassanes de Barcelona, amb el títol «L’Estatut que volem», Maragall afirmava: «L’Estatut que volem ha de ser una renovació del pacte amb tots els pobles d’Espanya, d’Europa i del món. Per nosaltres, l’Estatut és una opció, lliurement assumida, de participar en la gran família dels pobles, de les nacions d’Espanya, d’Europa i del món, de què parlava Anselmo Carretero. Ah, quin personatge! Li hem de fer –i farem– un gran homenatge.» Homenatge pendent Els esdeveniments no van permetre aquell homenatge, que queda pendent. Aquest intent lleial d’actualitzar l’encaix de Catalunya a Espanya va ser malbaratat, amb un desastrós resultat, pels https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 11/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa portaveus de la nació uniforme, per aquells «separadors», expressió creada pel pare d’Anselmo, Luis Carretero Nieva, que treballen per enfrontar pobles i aconseguir que la convivència plural sigui difícil. Com dèiem al principi, la plurinacionalitat d’Espanya obliga a cercar contínuament el model d’estat que respecti i articuli millor aquesta diversitat. En aquest camí inacabable, figures com Anselmo Carretero i Pasqual Maragall, des de generacions i llocs diferents, suposen una referència per a un diàleg constructiu i respectuós. Tots dos pensaven que el caràcter nacional d’Espanya no es pot construir sobre la negació d’aquells pobles que se senten, alhora i legítimament, nacions. Per això la idea de «nació de nacions» respon molt millor a la nostra història que no pas el relat d’una nació única, uniformadora i excloent. Aquesta, parafrasejant l’expressió de Gabriel Celaya, «fue una historia mal contada». Arxivat a Anselmo Carretero · Espanya · Federalisme · Pasqual Maragall Compartir      Txema Castiella https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 12/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa És escriptor. PUBLICITAT Articles relacionats | Política Molt Xostakóvitx i molt poc Vivaldi RAFAEL RAMOS I MARÍN Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional TXEMA CASTIELLA Serem Presidents https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 13/14 �12/11/24, 11:45 Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional | política&prosa Tot esperant la regió metropolitana ALBERT AIXALÀ I BLANCH RAFAEL PRADAS Qui som? Fundadors Butlletí Quinzenal Som una plataforma subscriptors periodística de debat obert i Una proposta plural i a la vegada un periodística amb instrument d’acció ideològica subscriptors polítiques de i política pel damunt de blocs disposats a canviar privacitat i de partits. les coses. Correu electrònic Accepto les Rebre el butlletí Subscriure’m ara © 2018 – 2024 Politica & Prosa SL | ISSN 2604-708X | JUNTA GENERAL SOCIS | Avís Legal | Política de Privacitat | Política de Cookies | Termes i condicions de contractació https://politicaprosa.com/anselmo-carretero-pasqual-maragall-i-lespanya-plurinacional/ 14/14 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 05. Recursos d'informació Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Description An account of the resource Aplega la documentació bibliogràfica relacionada amb Pasqual Maragall (no generada per ell). Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Anselmo Carretero, Pasqual Maragall i l’Espanya plurinacional Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Castiella, Txema Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024-10-24 Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Català Subject The topic of the resource Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Carretero y Jiménez, Anselmo, 1908-2002 Federalisme Espanya plural Nacionalisme Socialisme Maragall, Jordi, 1911-1999 Description An account of the resource Article publicat al número 73 de Política & Prosa. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Política & Prosa Abstract A summary of the resource. Tots dos pensaven que la idea de «nació de nacions» respon molt millor a la nostra història que no pas el relat d’una nació única, uniformadora i excloent. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Articles Sobre Pasqual Maragall https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/1583/0000000746.pdf cbf79ad972fab3caf636148bcf665003 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Aquesta legislatura tindrem un nou finançament amb Agència Tributària Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Diari de Girona Language A language of the resource Català Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Xargayó, Jordi Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Type The nature or genre of the resource Entrevista Subject The topic of the resource Finançament Govern Catalunya Espanya Federalisme Territoris Acció política Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2004-05-02 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Entrevistes https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/23/1738/0000001395.pdf 3fd36f86134b82505054a2759d97763a PDF Text Text 229 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 The Royal Gold Medal 1999: the City of Barcelona The Royal Institute of British Architects since 1848 has advised the Monarch on the award of the Royal Gold Medal to individuals for distinguished services to architecture. In 1999 precedent was broken to award the Royal Gold Medal to the City of Barcelona. The Journal of Architecture is celebrating this award by publishing the ‘Jury Citation’ and ‘Notes accompanying the Jury’s Citation’, followed by the texts of three of the speeches which preceded and followed the presentation: ‘Award of the Royal Gold Medal to Barcelona’ by Robert Maxwell; ‘Architecture and City in an Open World’ by Pasqual Maragall i Mira (Mayor in 1982, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995 and 1997); and ‘Ten points on an Urbanistic Methodology’ by Oriol Bohigas (who, as architect, served Barcelona City Council as Delegate for Urban Affairs 1979–1983, Co-ordinator for Urban Affairs 1983–4, Urbanism Special Advisor 1984–1991 and elected Councillor for Culture 1991–4). The example of Barcelona as revealed through these texts provides insights, and evidence of a collective inspiration, to be emulated wherever urban regeneration forms part of a political and social agenda shared by city authorities, business interests, designers and citizens. Jury Citation In 1999, precedent has been broken to award the Royal Gold Medal to a city: to Barcelona (Fig. 1), its government, its citizens and design professionals of all sorts. Inspired city leadership, pursuing an ambitious yet pragmatic urban strategy and the highest design standards, has transformed the city’s public realm, immensely expanded its amenities and regenerated its economy, providing pride in its inhabitants and delight in its visitors. All cities, especially London, for too long without directing inuences, can learn much from this example, which many already follow. Both the process and results of Barcelona’s rebirth are exemplary. Though always with citywide goals in mind, initial interventions were local and low budget, yet big in impact – not least © 1999 The Journal of Architecture because their design air drew international plaudits. From creating parks and plazas wherever opportunities arose, this strategy snowballed, gathering enthusiasm and Žnance – adding schools, health-care and cultural facilities and attracting all sorts of public/private partnerships – all the way up to realising very major infrastructural projects. Hosting the Olympics was only a part of this larger, still continuing strategy of up-grading the whole city. Barcelona is now more whole in every way, its fabric healed yet threaded through with new open spaces, its historic buildings refurbished yet its facilities expanded and brought up-to-the-minute. Past and present, work and play are happily inter-meshed in a new totality that is more than its often splendid parts, and is better connected even to sea and 1360± 2365 �230 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 Figure 1. View of Barcelona looking east (Agència Metropolitana de Desenvolupament Urbanistic i d’Infrastructures S.A.). mountains. And yet the character of Barcelona, though changed, is more distinct than ever and ready for the global age in which cities as much as nations are in direct competition for jobs and investment. Many people at all levels of administration, in the city’s business and cultural communities as well as its architects and designers, played large parts in this resurgence. The process was set in motion by Narcis Serra, the Žrst democratic mayor, and Oriol Bohigas, the Co-ordinator for Urbanism from 1980–4. But most of the transformation was achieved by Pasqual Maragall, mayor from 1982– 1997 and Josep Acebillo, Director of Urban Projects from 1980–8 and Director for the Municipal Institute for Urbanistic Promotions from 1988– 1993. It continues today under Joan Clos, Maragall’s deputy and now successor as Mayor with Acebillo in charge of infrastructural projects as Director of Barcelona Regional. Under the guidance of these men, architects, urban designers, landscape architects and road engineers have fused their disciplines to create the new Barcelona. �231 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 The Award is intended to celebrate the achievements of Barcelona and Catalonia, yet also of Spain, the many excellent architects who remained relatively unknown during the Franco era, as well as the current resurgence of architecture and design. The quality of so many contemporary Spanish buildings and urban spaces, of products and architectural design publishing is outstanding. Probably nowhere else in the world are there so many recent examples, in cities and small towns, of a benign and appropriate attitude towards creating a civic setting for the next century. Notes accompanying the Jury’s Citation Hemmed between mountains and sea, Barcelona is a compact city, its 1.7 million inhabitants crowded into less than 100 square kilometres. Still displaying parts of its Roman walls, it is a city famous for architecture: Gothic ecclesiastical buildings, palaces and shipyards; the grid of its nineteenth-century extension planned by the engineer Idelfons Cerdà; exuberant Modernista architecture of Gaudí, Domenech y Muntaner and Puig y Catafalque; and the Modern architecture of José Luis Sert and José Antonio Coderch, as well as the (now reconstructed) German Pavilion of Mies van der Rohe. Now, since democracy came to Spain in 1975, the city has owered further, both architecturally and in every other way, so as to be unrivalled as a destination for pilgrimages and all other enthusiasts for civilised city life. Decades of Franco dictatorship left Barcelona with its historic fabric largely intact. But, besides being edged by dismal new housing, it was desperately run down and short of civic amenities. It was also in economic doldrums. Urgent action was required – and initiated immediately by Narcis Serra, who became Mayor following the Žrst democratic municipal elections in 1979 and Oriol Bohigas, his delegate for Urban Affairs. They recognised that many proposals of an already existing, city-wide plan for Barcelona – such as construction of a motorway ring around it – were sound, but impossible to implement. So they inverted the normal planning process and, instead of working from the large scale downwards, they started at the local level with the immediate needs of the ten neighbourhoods into which they had divided the city. But, though the initial focus was on small and easily-implemented projects, the ultimate goal was always to transform the whole city. Although this strategy had already been set in motion, those who oversaw most of its implementation were Pascal Maragall, Serra’s deputy who took over as Mayor in 1982 (when Serra was promoted to Minister of Defence in the Spanish government), and Josep Acebillo, the Director of Urban Projects. The Žrst projects were parks and squares, which were relatively cheap yet highly visible. Built wherever sites were available, these provided muchneeded open space in the old city, and foci and deŽnition in the amorphous new suburbs. Where possible, these now form chains of linked spaces that help tie the city together in a more varied yet intact entity. Early projects that brought immediate attention and acclaim include: the astringently avant garde Plaça del Països Catalans by Helio Piñón & Albert Viaplana with Enric Miralles outside Barcelona’s main railway station (Fig. 2); nearby the playful Parc de l’Espanya Industrial by Luis Peña �232 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 Figure 2. Plaça del Països Catalans – Helio Piñón & Albert Viaplana with Enric Miralles (photo Cunningham). Ganchegui and Francesc Ruis; and the Plaça de la Palmera, a collaboration between Pedro Barragán and Bernardo de Sola and the sculptor Richard Serra. Each of these realises very different yet complementary civic visions, as, for example do two slightly later parks in old quarries; the sombre monument of the Fossar de la Pedreera by Beth Galí and the family-oriented Parc de la Cructa del Coll by MBM. Many of these plazas and parks, and the other local projects that followed, are designed in an uncompromisingly contemporary idiom; and the controversy this provoked was welcomed for bringing, along with lively debate, a sense of local involvement as well as international acclaim and investment. Soon the local projects included building such other much-needed facilities as schools, health facilities and libraries, and refurbishing many of Barcelona’s most famous historic monuments. Exemplary schemes of the latter sort include the restoration of Gaudí’s Parc Güell by José Antonia Martinez-Lapeña & Elias Torres, the conversion of a print works by Domenech y Muntaner into the Fundacio Tapies by Amado & Domenech, the extension of Domenech y Muntaner’s Palau Musica by Oscar Tusquets and the conversion of the Casa Caritat into a museum by Piñón & Viaplana. Such undertakings encouraged the sprucing up of the whole city. To accelerate the snow-balling momentum of the regenerative process, Barcelona seized the 1992 Olympic Games. Crucially, the funds drawn in were invested in projects that served not just the Olympics but were key parts of the City’s long-term transformation. Besides leading to many Žne buildings – including Velodrome and Badolona Sports Pavilion, both by Esteve Bonell and Francesc Ruis, the Archery Facilities by Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós and Collserola Telecommunications Tower by Foster and Partners – major urban design and infrastructural projects were realised. The most exemplary of these are the Nova Icaria Olympic Village, master planned by MBMP (Josep Martorell, Oriol Bohigas, Peter Mackay with Albert Puigdomènech) and the Cinturon motorway that now rings Barcelona. Nova Icaria fuses the best of traditional and modern urban forms into a new hybrid that reconnects the city to the sea, and Žve kilometres of new beaches that are part of the many new leisure facilities that enhance the city’s capacity for hedonism. The Cinturon is remarkable for the way skilful design has ensured that it brings together, rather than is a barrier between, the city and the surrounding mountains and sea. This is the result of an extraordinarily close collaboration between road engineers, landscape architects and urban designers brought about by Maragall and Acebillo. �233 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 Such intense collaboration is one of their greatest achievements, along with ensuring that private sector investment has been to the same high design standards as found in the public sector. In this last they have been aided by the fact that perhaps no other city has a comparable pool of architectural talent to draw from. The Olympics was a climax to, but not the end of, Barcelona’s transformation. As well as the construction of the controversial but very popular Port Vell leisure complex in the old harbour, new open spaces and public facilities are still being built. Several major infrastructural developments are planned or underway, most of which will serve not only Barcelona but also lead to the better balanced development of its metropolitan region. Such public/private joint ventures are drawing in yet more private investment and jobs that will help ensure that Barcelona should be a major player in the global future as well as one of the most civilised and enjoyable of all cities to live in and visit. Award of the Royal Gold Medal to Barcelona Robert Maxwell I am honoured to have been asked to introduce to you the gifted individuals who have so notably contributed to the development of city planning in our time, so successfully indeed, that the city of Barcelona has been personiŽed so that it can receive the Royal Gold Medal, through their joint efforts and dedication to an ideal city development. City planning is a modern subject, about as old as modern architecture, about as old as Le Corbusier’s concept of urbanism. But does this subject really exist? In spite of the success of Milton Keynes, it is the existing cities that remain the toughest problem. City planning was meant to be a science, but standards change as fast as the practical measures taken, so that evaluation becomes difŽcult. Analytical concepts may not last for very long, statistics have little effect on appearances. There seems to be some unfortunate relation between the logistics of city growth, the economics of business, and the short life of political initiatives, that has made it difŽcult to pursue an evolutionary policy over a long enough time for results to show. Attempts to reshape existing cities like our own Birmingham, using analytical concepts like motorway box, neighbourhood unit, tower block have not been very successful. Appearances have been against them. At the same time the growth of the tourist industry has provided an entirely different measure of what an urban environment can be. People on vacation ock not only to beaches, but to cities that are full of attractive buildings and spaces, that derive their distinctive character from patterns of use rather than from patterns of analysis. Tourists visit Clough Williams Ellis’s Port Mereion and François Spoerry’s Port Grimaud, both elegant Žctions deriving from Camillo Sitte’s largely Žctional work ‘City Planning According to Artistic Principles’. Could it be that architecture has a role to play in Žlling the gap between abstract planning and lived experience, between what works logistically and what works socially, between necessity and �234 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 appearance? Could it be that city planners need to be more sensitive to what buildings can do to shape the city and give it meaning? Because this seems to have been the crucial idea that has resulted in the conspicuous success of Barcelona. Barcelona is, perhaps, a fortunate place, being at one and the same time a city, a port and a beach. It is in the south, so it has sun. But it is also in the north, so it has energy. It has Antonio Gaudí, more familiar to ordinary families than Pablo Picasso. And it has Cerda, whose gridded plan of 1859 provided structure, but also freedom, providing sites for buildings and buildings for sites. But this formula is still too ideal for our situation today. We have to deal with the city largely as it is, and look for growth more from economic management than from an ideal layout. In order to deal with the city more as an organism, we have had to re-conceptualise it in terms of its social value. And this, it seems to me, has been accomplished largely through the insights provided by the Italian architect Aldo Rossi, whose book ‘L’Architettura della Città’ appeared in 1996. Rossi was a visionary who saw the city as a repository of meaning, and who also saw the individual buildings as the catalyst which allowed social energy to ow into the city. The reason why city planning is so difŽcult has nothing to do with the ideology of modern architecture. Radical interventions like Danny Libeskind’s Victoria and Albert spiral or Richard Rogers’s Lloyds take their meaning from the situation in which they are placed in the city, as much as from their unusual forms. Lord Rogers has been unequivocal in his defence of the inner city. The order of the city exceeds the order of any one building and acts as a shared framework which provides meaning, at the same as it accepts each intervention as foreshadowing a change of meaning. To build in Barcelona, then, is analogous to writing in Catalan; the existing both accepts the new and is changed by it. A single gifted individual can provide a crucial stimulus to cultural change, yet at the scale of the city their effort can be lost. To change the evolution of a whole city in a period of twenty years – Catalonia gained its political autonomy only in 1977 – is an outstanding achievement, and it needed more than one man. I give you then Žve men – three mayors in succession: Narcis Serra, Pasqual Maragall and Joan Clos; then Josep Acebillo, Director of Urban Projects from 1980–8, and Oriol Bohigas, the Co-ordinator for Urbanism from 1980–4. In hailing this achievement in the names of the Žve wise men we salute not only individual efforts but their collective wisdom – their perception of the process by which the city grows, their patience in seeing growth as a way of giving shape, and their moral sagacity in co-operating with the spirit of the times. Architecture and City in an Open World Pasqual Maragall i Mira If we look down upon Europe from a satellite we will see a constellation of points or specks of light. What we will not see are borders between states or regions. The constellations we see are our constructions, our physically existing cultures. �235 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 Simply by taking in this image we learn something useful about the world, something that the concept of global village doesn’t tell us. The organisation of these specks of light, which are the reection of our cities, traces certain paths, pointing out concentrations and revealing empty spaces. These are dense concentrations such as the Randstadt, the English South East, the Ruhr-Rhine valley, the Genoa-Turin-Milan triangle, or the high point of some coastal lines that look like a linear city, just as in Naples or in Barcelona and the northern Mediterranean coast of Spain up into the Gulf of León. The only road that leads from the present world of states to the global world, to the open world, to the world without borders, is precisely this: it is a route that traverses the world of cities and the Europe of regions. The global world, this ‘global city’, this notion that my city no longer exists because my real city is the world, is not a very useful idea. It is a paralysing concept. Global thought makes considerable mistakes. In 1974, it announced that oil reserves would last only twenty more years, and here we are in year twentyŽve! Another mistake: we were told that the world population would stop growing in the year 2050, at some 15,000 million inhabitants. Now it seems it will reach its peak long before, in 2015/2020, and with many fewer inhabitants. Fortunately, a good catchphrase emerged from the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit where global thinking was established. It said: ‘Do locally everything that can be done locally’, by way of saying: ‘avoid the transportation of energy – whether pure or compact – whenever possible’. Also the European Union establishes an ‘evercloser bond between people where everything will be done as close as possible to the citizenry’; in truth, this is a revolutionary proclamation that changes the constant tendency of ideas, since 1789, to adopt a naïve universalit y. At this point, we must ask ourselves what the devil architecture has to do with all this? What architecture has to do with it, is that architecture is the art of constructing cities, and the city is once again taking its place at the centre of the world’s attention. Today’s globalisation is neither right nor deŽnitive. It is just the latest of the waves of universalisation that have followed one another cyclicall y throughout history. At the end of the nineteenth century, both Žnanciers and proletarians were internationalists as well as aristocrats like the Baron of Coubertin. In this century, the lesson in humility that we ought to have derived from the audacity and stupidity of our collective pretensions is overwhelming. We must therefore admit that, for the moment, the global world can only be constructed piece by piece, by regionalising its organisation, and we must understand that such regionalisation will be established at the level marked as the minimum economic size by the largest economy. The creation of the United States in 1776 sanctioned the necessary uniŽcation of Europe two centuries ago. How could we not have realised it? The world is only a global world for a few, and within limits. It is above all a world of cities, of places where business and workers on the one �236 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 hand and public representatives on the other try to meet the demands and problems of the human species. The cities that make up this partially globalised world are the true scene of architecture. On this point, Narcís Serra, Joan Clos and I are only following the masters. The Renaissance masters, the Modernist masters, and the Masters of today, Oriol Bohigas, Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano, and we are obeying our own experience in doing so. In Barcelona, to construct houses in the crumbling Old City in the early 1980s was useless if not accompanied by health, safety and elementary urbanistic measures. Just look. We came into government in 1979 with the mistaken notion that the low housing prices in the Old City were a blessing, and we began to make urban plans that increased the zoning for public structures to the maximum. This was a mistake. We thought we had to behave in such a way that the Old City dwellers would stay there thanks to the maintenance of low prices and the new offer of services. This was another mistake. We didn’t realise that prices were low because people were leaving. The population in the Old City decreased by 30 or 40 per cent. Those familiar places, freighted with meaning, were being deserted. The empty spaces began to be occupied, in part, and only in part, precisely by people lacking the means to maintain a minimum of commercial and public vitality in these neighbourhoods, people who tended to create defensive and ghetto codes of behaviour. The theory of the skier was the solution: not just for urban planning, or public safety, but for both. Urbanism plus public safety, Žrst one and – imme- diately after – the other. Social services plus cleaning services. Commercial policy plus housing. Prevention before correction but, in every case, prevention plus correction. No dogmatics, no magic formula. Public investment plus private investment. Public action plus charity. Total war on poverty. This is what Narcís Serra had shown us, and what Joan Clos carried out as councilman. At Žrst, we lost. Only much later did we tie. And Žnally we began to win. And even as we were winning, the buried mines of old scandals or the hypocrisy of bean counters scandalised by the buying and selling of housing at different prices began to blow up around us. Just as, much earlier, charitable associations had been scandalised when the lines for food or shelter began to grow as we closed down the unhealthy pensions where elderly persons – unseen by and unknown to these associations – were dying on the cheap. Governing the city, to be sure, often requires a certain glossing over or dissimulation of lacerating problems, so as to resolve them without offending public sensibility – how can we deny it? But in most cases, it requires revealing to the public hidden realities. The governor sets the mirror of its miseries before the city, miseries not unknown, but forgotten, covered up, hidden. A new house in a dangerous neighbourhood is not a new house. That is the lesson we learned. That new house quickly grows old, like the faces of boys and girls who go to work too young. The lesson to be learned is that both wealth and poverty colonise territory. Wealth by means of high prices (uptown) and minimum lot sizes (out of town), and when necessary by means of private �237 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 security forces, as in Caracas; poverty by means of an equally efŽcient weapon: the middle class fear of unsafe streets and unbridled diversity. The truth is that in tolerant and liberal Barcelona, crime rates have dropped from 25 per cent to 15 per cent in ten years, that is, by almost half, while in ten years of law-and-order London it rose one and a half times. Tony Blair who made it one of his central campaign issues knows it well. Notice that the London School of Economics had shown that the radical puritanism of Mrs Thatcher’s government condemned the destitute to remain entrenched in their destitution. This brings us to an interesting methodological observation. When a city has gone through years of non-doing and passivity, ideas about its future mature and can be transformed into a fruitful, forceful, and purposeful attitude when the necessary political conditions to take action come into play. This, I believe, is the origin of the demanding optimism of Bohigas, Acebillo, Solà-Morales, Busquets, Llop, and de Lecea that began to overow in 1980 onto the streets and squares of Barcelona. And this, I am convinced, is the moment London, and its politicians, architects, and social workers in general, is entering. If there were such a thing as historical justice, it would consist of a kind of Solomonic distribution of grand projects throughout decades and territories, possibly with a slight preference for territories distant from the centre of the system of cities, to compensate for the fact that proximity to the centre brings with it a density of contacts that makes the external or instantaneous shock of grand initiatives unnecessary. (I say slight prefer- ence in order not to relinquish methodological modesty with regard to public action which I imagine bold and energetic yet not substituting for the very same citizens you are supposed to serve.) It is clear, however, that there is no such thing as distributive justice in history and, nevertheless, or for that very reason, we must lie in wait for the passing of the train of fortune and, if necessary, build fortune a shortcut. That is the purpose of grand events. At times they are nothing more than the announcement of a long-awaited era, excuses that history seizes to make a sudden, splendid appearance with a gift of dreams carried out. Let us call architecture back to its date with history. The best news for the victims of terror in the Basque country, was the inauguration of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. The Gehry Museum and Foster’s underground have broken the spell cast over a Basque city (and the Basque country) that had only been seen in the light of tragedy and death, and which can begin once again to be imagined as a site of life and construction, thus averting the obsession with fear that is the goal of the politics of terror. The Lisbon Expo, the Barcelona Olympics, the high-speed train installed in Seville for the ‘92 Expo, all mark another series of moments in which the spark of the event seems to have put in motion the motor of evolution. No one can survive merely by conservation. If there is no new construction, the city cannot stand; not even the old will endure. Each city must Žnd its own formula for combining existing symbols with new ones. Without the latter, antiquity becomes mere repetition. And I assure you that the �238 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 future of nations will be played out in the efŽcacy of their systems of cities. Our experience as mayors cannot be entirely explained without at least one confession. It is the emotion of seeing new symbols destined to last rise up in the city through the art of architecture and construction. I am not referring so much to the function as to the value of those constructed artifacts. Squares or houses, trees planted in a certain place or a certain order, new monuments, or restored or displaced ones, more or less stable and resistant urban furnishings, schools, sidewalks and boulevards, communications towers, containing walls, dikes, theatres: all of these are the theatre of life, messages thrown more or less consciously like bottles into the sea of history’s course, occasionally excessive references to our passage through the city, but in any case visible, corporeal, criticisable – action become object, which thousands of eyes will gaze on with respect or will pass over, which thousands of hands and feet will touch, trample, or alter, and which make of the city one of the few lasting concepts of our present and our future – one of the most universal concepts, for the experience we have of them is universal and common. And so, if there is any profession that holds the key to their modiŽcation, it is architecture, which makes architects and the profession of architecture, one of the broadest dreams of youth, on a level with those makers of the immaterial, but magical, construction which is stage design. It was not by chance that the 1997 Congress of the UIA in Barcelona turned into a two-tiered ritual of masses and vedettes, all from the same profession. I must say here that I am very grateful to Norman Foster and Kenneth Frampton for recognising at once what was happening, and for agreeing to convert the Plaza of the Angels, also known as the Plaza of Nations, against the white backdrop of the MACBA – the Museum of Contemporary Art of Barcelona – into the scenario of the best architectural debate. Perhaps no architectural congress from now on will be able to do without a debate staged on the hard stone of the city, in which the forum and the agora once again fulŽll their old function. The Žrst President of the reinstated Generalitat, Josep Tarradellas, would often say half-ironically, half-sincerely, with his peasant’s smile, so inscrutable and yet so seductive, that he would have liked to be mayor. ‘Because you, Mr Mayor’, he would say, ‘can see your works, and can touch them, and the people come up to you on the street. But me, do you know what I do? All I do is sign decrees!’ In this way he expressed the bitterness – not lacking in majesty – of the representative of an abstract power, such as a nation, which is incorporeal, which exists – and often with what strength! – but only in people’s heads, and in the false or unreal lines that separate one country from another on a map. An immense strength that has allowed for the greatest progress and caused the greatest catastrophes, but an ideal strength, not a tangible reality. In Barcelona, after 40 years of dictatorship, we reached a moment, and not a eeting or short one, of an ongoing euphoria of constructive explosion. Like a long-awaited spring, surprising in its intensity and beauty when it Žnally arrives, like those �239 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 gardenias that take so long to blossom, that never quite ower, but surpass the imagination in the number, fragrance, and purity of their petals when they Žnally do. This occurred in Barcelona and it continues to occur. The feeling this produces is difŽcult to describe. In the last 20 years in Barcelona, we have come to equate ‘city’ with ‘betterment’. The eye has become accustomed, not to certain forms, but to certain rhythms in the evolution of forms. Rhythms subjected to certain principles of quality occasionally violated, as with the fall of Chillida’s cement hook, or with the rubble of stone from Montjuic in the Ensanche/Extension, or when the ‘small’ communications tower, that of the Telephone Company in Montjuic, was placed two hundred metres within an enclosure which it should, in any case, only have intersected from without, as a useful and respectful point of reference. The other communications tower, Foster’s tower, the result Žrst of a careful process of social and professional acceptance, and then of the task of selection, carried out by Juli Esteban and Joan Busquets, is more in scale than it might appear (Fig. 3). A philosopher friend of mine commented that if you covered it over with your hand you restored the scale of the mountain and the equilibrium of the skyline, which otherwise is reduced to a miniature, shrunk by the overwhelming presence of the tower. And this is true: you can try it yourselves the next time you go to Barcelona. However, in addition to its elegance and originality, the tower supersedes the excessive functionalism of the usual cement tower. It is made to Figure 3. The Collserola Telecommunications Tower – Norman Foster and Partners (RIBA Press OfŽce). the scale of a different city, greater and more distant than the one you can see from this side of the mountain: it corresponds to the scale of the metropolitan city, the city of three to four million people that surrounds the mountain on both sides. Now, when we are on our way home from the mountains or the coast, the tower quickly orientates us, from afar. And, once we are home, it reminds us that the real city we inhabit is not exactly the same as the one we see. I say this in spite of myself, because I am among those who believe that a city you cannot see is more difŽcult to govern. This is so true that I proposed to move the plenary council of the City Government to the last oor of the Novísimo Building, once three of its twelve stories had been eliminated and the skyline of the old city from the sea had been restored. I always felt that the danger of the towers, both the communications towers and the skyscrapers of the Olympic Village would be to initiate a contest of multiplication of those artifacts, of which every generation should construct only a few, a precious few, cum grano �240 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 salis. Manhattan and San Giminiano are not easily reproduced phenomena. Unique architectural phenomena, when they occur in an environment characterised by mobility, are less dramatic; to put it another way, they are acts in a drama that doesn’t stop there, a drama that is ongoing, whose irreversibility is not cause for concern. The city’s conŽdence in itself is immense in these cases. The credence in public action is almost inŽnite. The accumulation of many positive emotions, like the gardens of Elias Torres in Villa Sicilia; or Beverly Pepper’s park; the many new balconies over the city, like the portentous podium of Gae Aulenti over the western part of the city, or the Parc del Migdia a bit higher up, or even the lateral edges of Acebillo’s beltway on the Ronda de Dalt, with unimagined views of the Barcelona plain and the mountain slopes that begin their ascent there; or the campaign to make sense of areas of the city that had no textual language, like General Moragues Square, next to the Calatrava bridge where people exploded with joy when Ellsworth Kelly the sculptor climbed up to greet them, leading him to exclaim: ‘This is the Žrst time a sculptor has received a musician’s ovation!’ All these things have turned the city into a kaleidoscopic reality in less time than it usually takes to perform simple changes. It has been and is an intoxicating time, in which the gods, the state, and the architects have bestowed on the city what we had sought tirelessly for decades, decades of silence, of frustration, of beginnings and quests that, still and all, served to crystallise the most precious jewel of social engineering: a consensus on projects, on grand projects. I only want you to know that this city, seen by so many as a model, this city of which Andrea Rinaldi has said with evident excess: ‘a Barcellona il processo si inverte e le transformazioni si originano prima al livello dello spazio pubblico e poi della forma architettonica’ (‘in Barcelona the process is inverted and the transformations originate at the level of public space and then go on to architectural form’) . . . in this city nothing is guaranteed. And this is what makes it the same as any other, and a sister city to all. I would add sister, little sister, of London above all. London has acted as a brilliant mirror in which Barcelona has encountered the way of telling its tale to the world. I foresee a hard road for a world that will not be better if its cities do not improve, and I believe it is possible for them to improve. And I take a stand with Jaime Lerner, ex-mayor of Curitiba, Brazil, in asking universities and nations to stop telling a tale of urban tragedy and begin to write a new ending, which will be a positive one, mark my words. Ten points on an Urbanistic Methodology Oriol Bohigas 1. The city as a political phenomenon The city is a political phenomenon, and as such it is loaded with ideology and with political praxis. It is the continuity of a common ideology and programmes by the three Socialist mayors – Serra, �241 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 Maragall and Clos – and their collaborators that have made the coherent transformation of Barcelona possible. 2. The city as domain of the commonalty These political and urban ideas are based on a radical statement: the city is the indispensable physical domain for the modern development of a coherent commonalty. It is not the place of the individual, but the place of the individuals who together make up a community. Very different from what a famous British politician said, that there was no such thing as ‘community’, only individuals and the State. It is the relation between individuals that constantly weaves the threads of ideas and expanding information. The city offers the fullest guarantees for this information, for access to the product of that information and for the putting into effect of any socio-political programme based on that information. There can be no civilisation without these three factors. The new voices of technology have recently tended to say that the traditional city is going to Žnd itself replaced by a series of telematic networks which will constitute a city without a site. This is an anthropological and ecological nonsense. It is a vision put forward by certain political ideas which are opposed to giving priority to the collective and in favour of the privatisation of the public domain. 3. Tensions and chance as instruments of information When I said that the city provides us with certain irreplaceable instruments of information I mean the enriching presence of tensions and of chance. It is only with the potentially conictive superimposition of singularities and differences and the unforeseen gifts of chance that progress can be made in the process of civilisation, with the move from the structure of the tribe to the civilising cohesion of the city. The city is a centre of enriching conicts which are only resolved in their afŽrmation as such or in the coexistence of other conicts with different origins. It does seem to me that the great error made by the urbanism of the Athens Charter was the attempt to cancel out these conicts. To eliminate them instead of resolving them with the recognition of other conicts. Urban expressways, the 7V of Le Corbusier, functional zoning, directional centres, the great shopping areas: these have not served to resolve problems, but have instead destroyed the character and the function of many European cities. 4. The public space is the city If we start out from the idea that the city is the physical domain for the modern development of the commonalty, we have to accept that in physical terms the city is the conjunction of its public spaces. The public space is the city: here we have one of the basic principles of the urban theory of Barcelona’s three Socialist mayors. In order for the urban space to fulŽl its allotted role it has to resolve two questions: identity and legibility. 5. Identity The identity of a public space is tied up with the physical and social identity of its wider setting. �242 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 However, this identiŽcation is bound by limits of scale that are normally smaller than those of the city as a whole. This being so, if authentic collective identities are to be maintained and created it is necessary to understand the city not as a global, unitary system but as a number of relativel y autonomous small systems. In the case of the reconstruction of the existing city, these autonomous systems may coincide with the traditional neighbourhood make-up. I believe that this understanding of the city as the sum of its neighbourhoods or identiŽable fragments has also been one of the basic criteria in the reconstruction of Barcelona, with all its political signiŽcance and with the creation of the corresponding decentralised administrative instruments. However, we are dealing here not simply with the identity of the neighbourhood, but with the particular representative identity of each fragment of the urban space; in other words, with the coherence of its form, its function, its image. The space of collective life must be not a residual space but a planned and meaningful space, designed in detail, to which the various public and private constructions must be subordinated. If this hierarchy is not established the city ceases to exist, as can be seen in so many suburbs and peripheral zones of European cities which have turned away from their urban values to become parodies of certain American or Asian cities. 6. Legibility The designed form of the public space – that is, of the city – has to meet one other indispensable condition: to be easily readable, to be compre- hensible. If this is not so, if the citizens do not have the sense of being carried along by spaces which communicate their identity and enable them to predict itineraries and convergences, the city loses a considerable part of its capacity in terms of information and accessibilit y. In other words, it ceases to be a stimulus to collective life. In order to establish a comprehensible language it is necessary to reuse the semantics and the syntax that the citizen has already assimilated by means of the accumulation and superimposition of the terms of a traditional grammar. It is not a matter of simply reproducing the historical morphologies but of reinterpreting what is legible and anthropologically embodied in the street, the square, the garden, the monument, the city block, etc. No doubt with these ideas I will be accused by many supposedly innovative urbanists of being conservative, reactionary, antiquated. But I want to insist on the fact that the city has a language of its own which it is very difŽcult to escape. It is not a matter of reproducing Haussmann’s boulevards, or the street grids of the nineteenth century, or baroque squares or the gardens of Le Nôtre. It is a matter of analysing, for example, what constitutes the centripetal values of these squares, what is the plurifunctional power of a street lined with shops, what are the dimensions that have permitted the establishment of the most frequent typologies. And it is a matter of being aware of how the abandoning of these canons results in the death of the city: the residual spaces of the periphery and the suburb, the vast shopping centres on the outskirts of the city, the urban expressways, the university campus at a considerable distance from the urban core, etc. �243 The Journal of Architecture Volume 4 Autumn 1999 7. Architectural projects versus General Plans All of the above considerations bring us to another very important conclusion which Barcelona has managed to apply: the urbanistic instruments for the reconstruction and the extension of a city cannot be limited to normative and quantitative General Plans. It is necessary to go further in terms of what is required of the design. It is necessary to give concrete deŽnition to the urban forms. In other words, instead of utilising the General Plans as the sufŽcient document, a series of one-off Urban Projects have to be imposed. It is a matter of replacing Urbanism with Architecture. It is necessary to design the public space – that is, the city – point by point, area by area, in architectural terms. The General Plan may serve very well as a scheme of intentions but it will not be effective until it is the sum of these projects, plus the study of the large-scale general systems of the wider territory, plus the political deŽnition of objectives and methods. During these last thirty years General Plans have justiŽed all over Europe the dissolution of the city, its lack of physical and social continuity, its fragmentation into ghettos, and have paved the way for criminal speculation in non-development land. And they have, in addition, counterfeited a spirit of popular participation, whose criteria cannot logically be extended beyond the local neighbourhood dimension and beyond a comprehensible time span. 8. The continuity of the centralities The controlling of the city on the basis of a series of urban projects rather than unformalised General Plans makes it possible to give a continuity to the urban character, the continuity of relative centralities. This is one way of overcoming the acute social differences between historic centre and periphery. I am aware that in these last few years many voices have spoken out in defence of the diffuse, informalised city of the peripheries as the desirable and foreseeable future of the modern city. The ville eclatée, the terrain vague. This position seems to me to be extremely mistaken. The peripheries have not been built to satisfy the wishes of the users. They have appeared for two reasons, which correspond to the interests of the capital invested in public or private development and to conservative policy: to exploit through speculation the value of plots that were outside of the area scheduled for development, and to segregate from the main body of the community those social groups and activities regarded as problematic by the dominant classes. The urbanists who uphold the model of the periphery seem not to realise that all they are doing is putting themselves on the side of the market speculators, without adding any kind of ethical consideration. As certain neo-liberal politicians say, the market takes over from policy, without considering the economic and social damage suffered by the periphery and even by the suburb. In other words, without culture, without politics. 9. Architectural quality: between service and revolutionary prophecy No urbanistic proposal will make any kind of sense if it does not rest on architectural quality. This is a difŽcult issue. If the city and architecture are to be at the service of society, they need to be accepted �244 The Royal Gold Medal 1999 and understood by society. But if architecture is an art, a cultural effort, it must be an act of innovation towards the future, in opposition to established customs. Good architecture cannot avoid being a prophecy, in conict with actuality. On the one hand actual service in the here and now and on the other hand anti-establishment prophecy: this is the difŽcult dilemma which good architecture has to resolve. 10. Architecture as a project for the city I do not want to conclude without referring to another architectural problem. It is evident that these days there is a great split in the diversity of architectural output. On the one hand there is the tightly rationed production of the great architects which is published in the magazines and shown in the exhibitions. On the other hand there is the superabundance of real architecture, that which is constructed in our horrible suburbs, along our holiday coasts, on the edges of our motorways, in our shopping centres. A very bad architecture, the worst in history, which destroys cities and landscapes. There are many reasons which serve to explain this phenomenon, but the most evident ones are the typological peculiarity of the great projects and the commercialisation of vulgar architecture. The great Ivory Tower projects are no longer capable of putting forward methodological and stylistic models, and as a result the majority of vulgar architecture cannot even resort to the mannered copy. Clearly we are not in any condition today to call for the creation of academic models, as has occurred in the history of all styles. Perhaps the only possibility open to us is that of establishing a rule that is more methodological than stylistic: that architecture should be primordially a consequence of the form of the city and of the landscape and should participate in the new conŽguration of these. This would be a good instrument for a new order, in opposition to the self-satisŽed lucubrations of good architecture and the lack of culture of vulgar architecture. I began by saying that the city must be an architectural project and I have ended by saying that the solution to the present problems of architecture may be to design it as part of the city. Conclusion My intention was to give a simple informal speech of thanks for the medal. But I see that it has come out too academic and, as a result, boring and pedantic. And perhaps futile, too: I am afraid I have spoken of principles that are too simple and too familiar for such an important audience from the Olympus of the British architectural profession. Please forgive me. I could not resist the temptation of underlining these ten successive and interlinked programmatic points, as a consequence of the initial fact of Barcelona’s political approach to urbanism. If our mayors had been Thatcherites, the city today would be very different. These points and their methodological coherence would not have been possible without the political lines marked out by our three Socialist mayors, Serra, Maragall and Clos. The credit is theirs, and it is they who deserve our thanks. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 04.02. Activitat política Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació generada en relació a Pasqual Maragall en la seva activitat als partits i associacions d'àmbit polític: Front Obrer de Catalunya (FOC), Convergència Socialista de Catalunya (CSC), Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), Ciutadans pel Canvi (CpC). Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Architecture and City in an Open World Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Bohigas, Oriol, 1925- Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Journal of Architecture Language A language of the resource Anglès Subject The topic of the resource Barcelona Arquitectura Urbanisme Premis i reconeixements Abstract A summary of the resource. Transcripció del discurs pronunciat a l'acte de concessió de The Royal Gold Medal de 1999 a la ciutat de Barcelona, atorgada per la The Royal Institute of British Architects, publicada amb la ‘Jury Citation’ i les ‘Notes accompanying the Jury’s Citation’, seguides dels discursos pronunciats a la presentació: ‘Award of the Royal Gold Medal to Barcelona’ de Robert Maxwell ‘Architecture and City in an Open World’ by Pasqual Maragall i Mira i ‘Ten points on an Urbanistic Methodology’ d'Oriol Bohigas. Description An account of the resource v4, n3 (autumn), p. 229-244 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1999-11-15 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Articles https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5886/FMHP_03041.JPG 66c57fd92f4258431b4cdb5d73b0b6fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. L'Ametlla del Vallès Title A name given to the resource Arriba i saludes al l’IES Eugeni Xammar de l'Ametlla del Vallès Subject The topic of the resource Aniversaris Història local Política pública Escoles Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5888/FMHP_03043.JPG 44d73e9f2566646df340f64b6fe4d3ad Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. L'Ametlla del Vallès Title A name given to the resource Arriba i saludes al l’IES Eugeni Xammar de l'Ametlla del Vallès Subject The topic of the resource Aniversaris Història local Política pública Escoles Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Pousa Engroñat, Jordi Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5889/FMHP_03044.JPG aa4de07259323e1290646ddc12f48058 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. L'Ametlla del Vallès Title A name given to the resource Arriba i saludes al l’IES Eugeni Xammar de l'Ametlla del Vallès Subject The topic of the resource Aniversaris Història local Política pública Escoles Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- San Miguel, Carmen Pousa Engroñat, Jordi Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5402/FMHP_02557.JPG d5470cf9e417916c2532bf5d20bca252 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. París Title A name given to the resource Arribada a l'aeroport de Le Bourget Subject The topic of the resource Relacions internacionals Viatges oficials Institucions polítiques Avions Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5403/FMHP_02558.JPG d31f034cabf9570de7ad27124f940876 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. París Title A name given to the resource Arribada a l'aeroport de Le Bourget Subject The topic of the resource Relacions internacionals Viatges oficials Institucions polítiques Avions Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6026/FMHP_03182.JPG b25812fb295df8dac9b596dc5eac6c6a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Maials (Lleida) Title A name given to the resource Arribada A l'Ajuntament de Maials Subject The topic of the resource Administració local Desenvolupament rural Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6037/FMHP_03193.JPG 28035e8e06b49f9b982864bc7b82b4f4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Lleida Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la Bassa 1 del Rec Segrià Sud Subject The topic of the resource Administració local Desenvolupament rural Enginyeria hidràulica Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Vilalta, Ramon Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6605/FMHP_03763.JPG 2fb7294c9cdcde01988b6d1e6ac4bf2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la Biblioteca Fages de Climent de Figueres i salutacions Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Biblioteques Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6621/FMHP_03779.JPG 7f266a36da515fbeb12bfeeacc512465 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la Fundació ALTEM de Figueres i salutacions Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Fundacions Acció social Directius Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6622/FMHP_03780.JPG ab5f9447f6f63e558a89dfe415ccbab5 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la Fundació ALTEM de Figueres i salutacions Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Fundacions Acció social Directius Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6623/FMHP_03781.JPG 1f1b5ee227bdcd3215267b9f985fb393 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la Fundació ALTEM de Figueres i salutacions Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Fundacions Acció social Directius Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5409/FMHP_02564.JPG db603cb0be85c6b518acd1fa5d92e996 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. UNESCO (París) Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la seu de la UNESCO Subject The topic of the resource Relacions internacionals Viatges oficials Institucions polítiques Cooperació cultural Organitzacions internacionals Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Casals, Montserrat Obiols Llandrich, Margarita Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5410/FMHP_02565.JPG df4235b1acb74047c9e7c03813983c13 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 11/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. UNESCO (París) Title A name given to the resource Arribada a la seu de la UNESCO Subject The topic of the resource Relacions internacionals Viatges oficials Institucions polítiques Cooperació cultural Organitzacions internacionals Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Casals, Montserrat Obiols Llandrich, Margarita Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6178/FMHP_03335.JPG 053273a9ec546f25bdeb977b41543be6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Lleida Title A name given to the resource Arribada al barri de La Mariola de Lleida Subject The topic of the resource Administració local Desenvolupament rural Alcaldes Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Ros, Àngel, 1952- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5909/FMHP_03064.JPG 3ca8809bf6cf4905198cb0b418dbb425 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 21/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. L'Ametlla del Vallès Title A name given to the resource Arribada al CEIP Bertí de l'Ametlla del Vallès Subject The topic of the resource Aniversaris Història local Política pública Escoles Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6114/FMHP_03270.JPG f6a7248bfea3c6765dd7956c621eda33 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 25/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Els Torms (Lleida) Title A name given to the resource Arribada al CEIP Joan Benet i Petit d'Els Torms i salutacions Subject The topic of the resource Administració local Desenvolupament rural Consellers Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Carnes i Ayats, Jordi William Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5255/FMHP_02410.JPG 33d604f614701974f092b24feffbf7de Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 08/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Mollet Title A name given to the resource Arribada al recinte del futur terreny de l’hospital de Mollet Subject The topic of the resource Salut pública Administració local Obres públiques Equipaments sanitaris Consellers Alcaldes Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Monràs, Josep Geli, Marina, 1958- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5256/FMHP_02411.JPG 17279aaa962794c134ae32ac64d64bec Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 08/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Mollet Title A name given to the resource Arribada al recinte del futur terreny de l’hospital de Mollet Subject The topic of the resource Salut pública Administració local Obres públiques Equipaments sanitaris Consellers Alcaldes Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Monràs, Josep Geli, Marina, 1958- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5257/FMHP_02412.JPG e1be57674fb0b18f016bd47b432be08f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 08/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Mollet Title A name given to the resource Arribada al recinte del futur terreny de l’hospital de Mollet Subject The topic of the resource Salut pública Administració local Obres públiques Equipaments sanitaris Consellers Alcaldes Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Monràs, Josep Geli, Marina, 1958- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5992/FMHP_03147.JPG ff41abd9b1b971e22971723be52ad2c0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 23/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Palau de la Generalitat Title A name given to the resource Arribada de Ricardo Lagos al sopar Subject The topic of the resource Visites oficials Relacions internacionals Caps d'estat Lagos, Ricardo Traveria, Toni Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5028/FMHP_02183.JPG 07a5179b2cc4891b0f21bdd466bfb568 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 05/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Arribada en cotxe a l'acte de presentació dels acord de finançament del Recinte Gran Via- Fira de Barcelona Subject The topic of the resource Exposicions Fires Administració local Desenvolupament econòmic Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5287/FMHP_02442.JPG e558cccb24dc9a24c7641bd88a548f86 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 09/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Escola Superior de Música de Catalunya L'Auditori de Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Arribada en cotxe a l'ESMUC Subject The topic of the resource Cultura Escoles de música Equipaments culturals Directius Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Badia, Jaume Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5219/FMHP_02374.JPG 26456b108487b72fc4e7ba4ca20388b9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 08/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Mollet Title A name given to the resource Arribada en cotxe a Mollet Subject The topic of the resource Salut pública Administració local Obres públiques Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6544/FMHP_03702.JPG 9b5f6004e1a84b34fd6b532c4b1cc8d4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada en helicòpter al Castell de Sant Ferran per la visita territorial a Figueres Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Castells Helicòpters Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Figueres Castell de Sant Ferran Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6545/FMHP_03703.JPG 484915541ce93ce58688a21eb04ad067 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada en helicòpter al Castell de Sant Ferran per la visita territorial a Figueres Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Polítics Castells Helicòpters Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- García-Bragado, Ramon Figueres Castell de Sant Ferran Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6546/FMHP_03704.JPG bd3cbc2f8d2dd9dd487c8376431d69b4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada en helicòpter al Castell de Sant Ferran per la visita territorial a Figueres Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Polítics Castells Helicòpters Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- García-Bragado, Ramon Figueres Castell de Sant Ferran Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/6548/FMHP_03706.JPG 98042f7bb20fdb481120d8b4d2dfb332 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 27/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Bedmar, Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Alt Empordà Title A name given to the resource Arribada en helicòpter al Castell de Sant Ferran per la visita territorial a Figueres Subject The topic of the resource Política pública Administració local Castells Alcaldes Polítics Obres públiques Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- García-Bragado, Ramon Figueres Castell de Sant Ferran Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5704/FMHP_02859.JPG 9da758eff901b483f8fd1fb52e1c27b7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Enllaç (Link) Camp destinat a registrar els enllaços electrònics a recursos digitals vinculats amb l'ítem, ja sigui com a font d'informació complementària o com a accés directe a continguts relacionats (imatges, enregistraments audiovisuals, documents, publicacions digitals i altres recursos en línia). Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Enllaç Web Pega aquí l'adreça web o enllaç corresponent <a href="https://govern.cat/gov/notes-premsa/81719/agenda-del-president-de-la-generalitat">Agenda del president de la Generalitat</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 16/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Portal de la Pau (Port Vell) Title A name given to the resource Arribada i salutacions a l'exposició del RACC 100 ANYS DE CONFIANÇA Subject The topic of the resource Commemoracions Exposicions Seguretat viària Automòbils Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Salvadó, Sebastià Hereu, Jordi Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5706/FMHP_02861.JPG 3574d7035ea454dea80b5d171e237d87 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 16/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Portal de la Pau (Port Vell) Title A name given to the resource Arribada i salutacions a l'exposició del RACC 100 ANYS DE CONFIANÇA Subject The topic of the resource Commemoracions Exposicions Seguretat viària Automòbils Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Salvadó, Sebastià Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/5363/FMHP_02518.JPG de8239bed657755e4455d7665dcee5fb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. Imatge fixa A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Format original The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/10/2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Moreno, Rubén Bedmar,Jordi Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona Title A name given to the resource Arribada i salutacions al Centre de Regulació Genòmica Subject The topic of the resource Centres de recerca Recerca científica Ciència Universitats--Investigació Administració pública Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Fotografies