20 10 1525 https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/17/2605/ExpedientAcademic_PM_UB_Certificat_PREU_LD.pdf 0b448c8037ab431c69ba9e6247d730e1 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 01.01.02. Activitat acadèmica Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació relacionada amb l'activitat acadèmica de Pasqual Maragall: - Escola primària: Escoles Virtèlia (1945-1957). - Llicenciatura en Dret: Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de Barcelona (1957-1964). - Llicenciatura en Econòmiques: Facultat d'Econòmiques de la Universitat de Barcelona (1958-1965). - Pràctiques de Dret Europeu (1963): estada a Estrasburg (França) per realitzar unes pràctiques de Dret Europeu a la Facultat Internacional de Dret Comparat. - Pràctiques a Roma (1964): beca per estudiar planificació regional a la SVIMEZ (Associazione per lo SVIluppo dell'industria nel MEZzogiorno). - Pràctiques amb Delors a París (gener-juny 1966): beca del Govern francès per l’estudi de planificació regional. Realitza unes pràctiques com a economista a l'Association pour l'organisation des STages En France (ASTEF) on obté el Diploma de planificació sectorial i regional. Les pràctiques les fa al Comissariat del Vè Pla amb el professor Jacques Delors. - Postgrau a la New School for Social Research, New York, amb beca Fulbright (setembre 1971-setembre 1973): Master of Arts en economia, especialitzat en economia internacional i economia urbana. - Doctorat (02/03/1979): en Ciències Econòmiques a la UAB. La tesi doctoral Els preus del sòl urbà. El cas de Barcelona (1948-1978), la va dirigir el catedràtic Josep Maria Vegara Carrió i va obtenir una valoració "Summa cum laude". Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1979 No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificat acadèmic de la prova de maduresa del curs de preparació universitària de Pasqual Maragall Subject The topic of the resource Universitats Dret Universitat de Barcelona Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Secretaria General de la Universitat de Barcelona Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Castellà Type The nature or genre of the resource Certificat Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. És còpia de l'expedient acadèmic de la Universitat de Barcelona. Rights Holder A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource. Universitat de Barcelona Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1957-10-30 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Certificats https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/17/2707/19640729_SVIMEZ_PM.pdf 09a957d11686482df44bd840a34d51e0 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 01.01.02. Activitat acadèmica Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació relacionada amb l'activitat acadèmica de Pasqual Maragall: - Escola primària: Escoles Virtèlia (1945-1957). - Llicenciatura en Dret: Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de Barcelona (1957-1964). - Llicenciatura en Econòmiques: Facultat d'Econòmiques de la Universitat de Barcelona (1958-1965). - Pràctiques de Dret Europeu (1963): estada a Estrasburg (França) per realitzar unes pràctiques de Dret Europeu a la Facultat Internacional de Dret Comparat. - Pràctiques a Roma (1964): beca per estudiar planificació regional a la SVIMEZ (Associazione per lo SVIluppo dell'industria nel MEZzogiorno). - Pràctiques amb Delors a París (gener-juny 1966): beca del Govern francès per l’estudi de planificació regional. Realitza unes pràctiques com a economista a l'Association pour l'organisation des STages En France (ASTEF) on obté el Diploma de planificació sectorial i regional. Les pràctiques les fa al Comissariat del Vè Pla amb el professor Jacques Delors. - Postgrau a la New School for Social Research, New York, amb beca Fulbright (setembre 1971-setembre 1973): Master of Arts en economia, especialitzat en economia internacional i economia urbana. - Doctorat (02/03/1979): en Ciències Econòmiques a la UAB. La tesi doctoral Els preus del sòl urbà. El cas de Barcelona (1948-1978), la va dirigir el catedràtic Josep Maria Vegara Carrió i va obtenir una valoració "Summa cum laude". Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1979 No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificat d'aprofitament del curs a l'SVIMEZ sobre el desenvoupament econòmic italià Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Centro per gli Studi sullo Sviluppo Economico Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-29 Type The nature or genre of the resource Certificat Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Castellà Subject The topic of the resource Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Biografia Universitats Economia Desenvolupament econòmic Itàlia Description An account of the resource Declaració certificant l'assistència i aprofitament de Maragall al curs durant 3 setmanes de juliol a SVIMEZ: Associazione per lo sviluppo dell'industria nel Mezzogiorno. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Roma EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Certificats https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/17/2762/19970522_HonorisCausa_JHUniversity_PM.pdf 34632861641e70f7405a3927e49c43fb PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 01.01.02. Activitat acadèmica Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació relacionada amb l'activitat acadèmica de Pasqual Maragall: - Escola primària: Escoles Virtèlia (1945-1957). - Llicenciatura en Dret: Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de Barcelona (1957-1964). - Llicenciatura en Econòmiques: Facultat d'Econòmiques de la Universitat de Barcelona (1958-1965). - Pràctiques de Dret Europeu (1963): estada a Estrasburg (França) per realitzar unes pràctiques de Dret Europeu a la Facultat Internacional de Dret Comparat. - Pràctiques a Roma (1964): beca per estudiar planificació regional a la SVIMEZ (Associazione per lo SVIluppo dell'industria nel MEZzogiorno). - Pràctiques amb Delors a París (gener-juny 1966): beca del Govern francès per l’estudi de planificació regional. Realitza unes pràctiques com a economista a l'Association pour l'organisation des STages En France (ASTEF) on obté el Diploma de planificació sectorial i regional. Les pràctiques les fa al Comissariat del Vè Pla amb el professor Jacques Delors. - Postgrau a la New School for Social Research, New York, amb beca Fulbright (setembre 1971-setembre 1973): Master of Arts en economia, especialitzat en economia internacional i economia urbana. - Doctorat (02/03/1979): en Ciències Econòmiques a la UAB. La tesi doctoral Els preus del sòl urbà. El cas de Barcelona (1948-1978), la va dirigir el catedràtic Josep Maria Vegara Carrió i va obtenir una valoració "Summa cum laude". Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1979 No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificat de la concessió del grau de Doctor of human letters, honoris causa, de The Johns Hopkins University a Pasqual Maragall Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Johns Hopkins University Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Giddens, Don P. (citació) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997-05-22 Type The nature or genre of the resource Certificat Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Anglès Subject The topic of the resource Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Universitats Premis i reconeixements Urbanisme Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Description An account of the resource Diploma juntament amb el text de la citació llegida per Don P. Giddens Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Baltimore Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Certificats https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/16/2705/19410113_CertificatNaixement_PM.pdf c2a84253ae83a3a1de84f72e8fc622a3 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 01.01.01. Documents identificatius Description An account of the resource Documentació amb funció identificativa i acreditativa de Pasqual Maragall. Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificat de naixement de Pasqual Maragall Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Registre Civil Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1964-07-02 Type The nature or genre of the resource Certificat Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Castellà Subject The topic of the resource Maragall Mira, Pasqual, 1941- Família Biografia Description An account of the resource Certificació en extracte d'inscripció de naixement (13/01/1941). Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Barcelona EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Certificats https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/17/2706/19630322_CertificatStrasbourg_PM.pdf 979615b3cfe1644d9997d1282d3c6f57 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 01.01.02. Activitat acadèmica Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació relacionada amb l'activitat acadèmica de Pasqual Maragall: - Escola primària: Escoles Virtèlia (1945-1957). - Llicenciatura en Dret: Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de Barcelona (1957-1964). - Llicenciatura en Econòmiques: Facultat d'Econòmiques de la Universitat de Barcelona (1958-1965). - Pràctiques de Dret Europeu (1963): estada a Estrasburg (França) per realitzar unes pràctiques de Dret Europeu a la Facultat Internacional de Dret Comparat. - Pràctiques a Roma (1964): beca per estudiar planificació regional a la SVIMEZ (Associazione per lo SVIluppo dell'industria nel MEZzogiorno). - Pràctiques amb Delors a París (gener-juny 1966): beca del Govern francès per l’estudi de planificació regional. Realitza unes pràctiques com a economista a l'Association pour l'organisation des STages En France (ASTEF) on obté el Diploma de planificació sectorial i regional. Les pràctiques les fa al Comissariat del Vè Pla amb el professor Jacques Delors. - Postgrau a la New School for Social Research, New York, amb beca Fulbright (setembre 1971-setembre 1973): Master of Arts en economia, especialitzat en economia internacional i economia urbana. - Doctorat (02/03/1979): en Ciències Econòmiques a la UAB. La tesi doctoral Els preus del sòl urbà. El cas de Barcelona (1948-1978), la va dirigir el catedràtic Josep Maria Vegara Carrió i va obtenir una valoració "Summa cum laude". Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1945-1979 No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Certificat de presència al curs del Programme d'Études sur les Organisations Européennes a Estrasburg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Faculté Internationale pour l'Enseignement du Droit Comparé Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963-03-22 Type The nature or genre of the resource Certificat Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Francès Subject The topic of the resource Dret Universitats Europa Description An account of the resource Certificat d'assistència al curs entre els dies 10 i 22 de març de 1963. Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Estrasburg EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Certificats https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/23/851/0000001552.pdf c87e18a9ea8f6aa3ab82a997e17d7b34 PDF Text Text Articles de Pasqual Maragall a 05/06/2000 (2600066) - Artículo de opinión EL PAÍS / Barcelona / Cataluña / Única, pág. 2 Chincha Choma (Alejandro García Durán) PASQUAL MARAGALL Cuando éramos jóvenes unos estudiaban y basta, otros conspiraban y estudiaban, y otros actuaban. Alejandro García Durán, un poco mayor, era de estos últimos. Ya había estudiado. Era sacerdote escolapio. José García Durán (su hermano), yo y unos cuantos más éramos de los segundos. Y una mayoría sólo estudiaba, o lo hacía ver. Alejandro actuaba en el barrio de las Arenas, en Terrassa. En Terrassa José y yo, y otros estudiantes y algunos obreros de Barcelona, junto con los líderes locales Manel Royes, José Muñoz de AEG, su hermano (El Trotskín), Magí Cadevall, el Arán de Ca l'Agut, un chico alto llamado El Larguillo y otro llamado El Filósofo, al que nunca conocí sino por sus escritos, conspirábamos, es decir, organizábamos en la clandestinidad acciones contra el régimen: huelgas, manifestaciones, reparto de propaganda, impresión de la misma, reuniones interminables para todo ello, etcétera. Igualmente actuábamos en otros lugares del área metropolitana con otros grupos locales similares. Alguien puede creer que eso del área metropolitana es un invento tecnocrático posterior. No. Era ya entonces, en los sesenta, el escenario real de lo que llamábamos la lucha política. En Terrassa, Alejandro fue mucho más efectivo que nosotros. Ahora se ha comprobado. Mientras nosotros íbamos y veníamos -con algún acontecimiento sonado, pocos resultados y varias detenciones-, él se instaló en las Arenas, empezó recogiendo toneladas de porquería abandonadas en el descampado del barrio y seguidamente, según he leído en las crónicas que ahora se han publicado, trazó su plan: primero las alcantarillas, segundo la parroquia y tercero la escuela. Consiguió dinero para todo ello y lo realizó. Tanto lo realizó que después de ver que el barrio se'n sortia, se fue a México y dedicó casi veinte años a proteger a los niños sin techo del Distrito Federal (D. F.). Y aún tuvo tiempo de ocuparse de los de Puebla. Los niños, que le adoraban, le rebautizaron Cabeza Calva, Chincha Choma en su azteca evolucionado. Ahora se ha visto en el barrio vecino al de las Arenas lo que vale el esfuerzo que dirigió Alejandro García Durán en su momento. Ahora las Arenas tiene problemas, pero no los mismos ni tantos, porque entonces, en la adolescencia de esos barrios, se encarriló con más acierto. Y ese salto de Terrassa al Distrito Federal, de las barracas de aquí a los sin techo de allí, de nuestra pobreza en vías de mejora a la miseria apabullante de la megápolis mexicana, se me antoja digno de lo que cuando éramos pequeños creíamos que era cristianismo: una compasión infinita, sin fronteras. Manuel Vázquez, del que leí una espléndida entrevista centrada en su contacto con el subcomandante Marcos en Chiapas, hubiera podido también novelar a Alejandro. Quizá ni lo conozca. Pero si a Manolo le interesan los comisarios de policía, le puede interesar saber que Alejandro García Durán le echó un pulso a uno de los jefes de policía más temidos de Latinoamérica, el del D. F. Y ganó. Creo que este hombre tenía dos cosas extraordinarias: la virtud de dar sin pedir a cambio, o de multiplicar energía, eso que dicen que no se crea ni se destruye, y la insolencia de los generosos: "Oye, tú, ayuda a éstos, que a ti no te hace falta", debió de decir más de una vez. La Generalitat, que tiene un Gobierno al que algunos han votado en función de creencias religiosas, debería honrar a Alejandro García Durán. Y debería hacerlo no 53 �Articles de Pasqual Maragall a sólo por tratarse de un buen cristiano, ni siquiera principalmente por ello. "He aquí un catalán digno de este siglo que termina", debería decir, y eso sería suficiente. Honrarlo es fácil y es difícil. Fácil porque ya lo han pedido los que trabajaron con él en las Arenas de Terrassa y le siguieron luego a distancia: que Terrassa ponga -como ha hecho- su nombre en una plaza del barrio y que colaboremos en mantener la obra de Alejandro con los sin techo del D. F. Difícil porque México no está cerca y además puede pensarse que tal ayuda sería intromisión. Pero Ernesto Zedillo, el aún actual presidente, y lo mismo los recientes gobernadores del D. F., Manuel Camacho y Cuactémoc Cárdenas, son buenos amigos de Barcelona y Cataluña, y el actual cónsul mexicano es catalán de origen y perfectamente sensible a esos temas. Seguro que lo verán bien. Alejandro ha muerto en Colombia. Quién sabe qué otra aventura de generosidad le llevó allí. Tengo la esperanza de que algún día pueda decirse que lo que hicimos los cuatro amigos conspiradores de los años sesenta en Terrassa y en el área metropolitana de Barcelona, y lo que Alejandro García Durán representa ya para siempre, tiene algo que ver. Tengo la esperanza, pero no la certeza. Y si no es cierto, alguien tendrá que explicar el sentido de nuestras pretensiones. Los niños del D. F. sabían bien lo que querían. Que no se llevaran al Chincha Choma de la parroquia. Y lo enterraron allí. Tuvo que bajar el cardenal para que se hiciera lo debido. Fue la última insolencia de Alejandro. La próxima vez que vaya al D. F. iré a visitar el lugar donde reposa, esa nueva Terrassa al otro lado del mar que sedujo sin duda a nuestro hermano. El D. F. es una de las ciudades del mundo donde mejor se resume lo que es el mundo. No hay tres ciudades en el mundo como ésa, aunque todas se le parecen en algo. 54 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 04.02. Activitat política Description An account of the resource Recull la documentació generada en relació a Pasqual Maragall en la seva activitat als partits i associacions d'àmbit polític: Front Obrer de Catalunya (FOC), Convergència Socialista de Catalunya (CSC), Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE), Ciutadans pel Canvi (CpC). Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1095 Title A name given to the resource Chincha Choma (Alejandro García Durán) Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived El País Language A language of the resource Castellà Subject The topic of the resource García Durán, Alejandro Necrologies Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2000-06-05 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Articles https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/30/714/19950825_LV.pdf 6c038da75172a6ef21c5dc90e1ef4b1b PDF Text Text Articles de Pasqual Maragall a LA VANGUARDIA 25/08/1995 La Vanguardia, p.011, Opinión Churchill ya no sirve Autor: PASQUAL MARAGALL Agosto va acabando agosto y parece que salimos de una penitencia. Cuerpos renovados, espíritus sosegados, sí, pero intranquilos. ¿Qué va a pasar? Nos preguntamos por Sarajevo y Bosnia. Nos interrogamos por lo que hará el Tribunal Supremo con el sumario de Garzón. No sabemos si habrá elecciones; mejor dicho, sabemos que las habrá pero no sabemos cuáles: ¿autonómicas?, ¿generales? Leemos una y otra vez declaraciones de Pujol y Duran matizando, desmintiendo, quizás mintiendo piadosamente o no. De IU, del PNV y, por supuesto, el latiguillo "váyase, señor González" permanente del PP. Declaraciones de Bono, Solana, etcétera. De González muy poco o nada. De Serra menos. Declaraciones de jueces y fiscales, sí, demasiadas para el gusto de muchos. Filtraciones de sumarios aún más (pero quién los da a los medios: ¿la justicia, la policía, las partes interesadas? ¿Pueden hacerlo?). Hablan los abogados defensores, lógicamente. El de Francisco Álvarez, el jefe del Mando Unificado de la Lucha Contraterrorista (MULC), ya ha dicho que no piensa acusar a los aforados González, Serra, Barrionuevo y Benegas. Miren cómo están las cosas que algunos pensarán: ¡menos mal! Porque a veces parece que este señor y sus compañeros tienen de algún modo la sartén por el mango. Mientras tanto, Conde navega en yate, De la Rosa -gran amigo de Álvarez, según declaración propia- no navega en yate, que se sepa, porque lo debe tener embargado, y ETA trata de hacer creer que tuvo el yate del Rey a tiro, pero era un yate del año pasado. En Cataluña, un soplo de aire fresco: la aparición de Quim Nadal. ¡Que tiemblen sus rivales! Es metódico, contundente, honesto y directo. Y es alcalde. No dejará pasar una. Girona, y los poderes locales en general, merecían este primer plano. Catalanismo y municipalismo nunca debieron separarse (ese ha sido el gran error de Pujol). Ahí hay una luz de esperanza, la única buena noticia del verano. La ofensiva croata en Krajina, que parece obligar a una negociación política (¡ojalá!), está por ver si es buena noticia. Temo lo peor para Sarajevo, porque los croatas no la defenderán y las fuerzas multinacionales se escudarán en el poder militar croata para ir retirándose. Kupusovic -el alcalde de Sarajevo- me dice que está dispuesto a venir a hacer el pregón de las fiestas de la Mercè y a volver en noviembre en la antesala de la Conferencia Euromediterránea, porque Izetbegovic, añade, ya ha dicho que, si no se rompe el cerco antes del final de noviembre (por tanto, dos días después de la conferencia), no se romperá nunca. Sarajevo no resistirá otro invierno. Mendiluce cuenta que la gente ya no corre cuando disparan sobre ellos. 84 de 204 �Articles de Pasqual Maragall a LA VANGUARDIA Se tiran al suelo, esperan y luego siguen. Y que ya no se arreglan. Se está perdiendo el milagro de Sarajevo: una ciudad sitiada, con conciertos y exposiciones cada día, si bien con la orquesta diezmada, la sala llena de rendijas y las exposiciones tan cargadas de significación que son más bien proclamaciones. Otra rendija de esperanza: los filósofos hablan de política, se mojan, como les pedía hace poco Havel. Aranguren ha sido claro y valiente: o se rompe la baraja o hay que reconocer que el juego que se hizo con ella -incluso el juego sucio- tenía motivos poderosos. Alguno de sus alumnos están más dispuestos a romper la baraja y a decir, con otra valentía, "váyase usted, señor González". A los filósofos hay que pedirles sobre todo valentía y no medias tintas. Para éstas ya están los políticos, se supone. Y yo no me resigno a esa división del trabajo: para unos la verdad y para otros la eficacia. (Tampoco se resignaba Havel en ese llamamiento a los intelectuales a que se mojaran.) Yo creo que la democracia está enferma o, por lo menos, que tiene fiebre. Y no estoy seguro de que esa fiebre no sea preludio o síntoma de la reacción del cuerpo social contra la enfermedad. Pero de eso ya hablaremos otro día. Ya les avanzo mi convicción de que la famosa fórmula de Churchill está periclitada: la democracia ya no es el menos malo de los gobiernos posibles. Mejor dicho: la gente ya no está dispuesta a aceptar un mal menor como sistema de gobierno. Y no lo está porque entrevé posibilidades mejores y no se conforma con menos. Y lo que pasa en Europa (Bosnia) y en España (GAL) es ocasión para mejorar el sistema: sólo con un cambio de cromos o de gobernantes entraríamos en la depresión política más prolongada de este siglo. Porque ¿quién puede tragarse tranquilamente, sin culparse, la desaparición de la ciudad que "practica" lo que los demás europeos simplemente "proclamamos": la tolerancia, la coexistencia de religiones, etcétera? ¿Quién puede creer seriamente que los nuevos gobernantes hubieran sido (y serán) más escrupulosos que los antiguos? Ya se ha visto lo que duran Balladur o Berlusconi o lo que aguanta el crédito de Clinton o Chirac. Nada. Aunque esto no quiere decir que hubiera sido mejor que siguieran Bush o Balladur. Lo que nos gustaría de verdad, aparte de cambiar de gobernantes, si es que hace falta, es avanzar un poco en cambiar el sistema de gobierno. Lo de Churchill ya no sirve. PASQUAL MARAGALL, alcalde de Barcelona 85 de 204 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 09.01. Activitat de representació (com a Alcalde) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-1997 Description An account of the resource Aquesta sèrie agrupa els documents sorgits de la funció representativa de l'exercici del càrrec d'Alcalde de Barcelona. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1176 Title A name given to the resource Churchill ya no sirve Type The nature or genre of the resource Article Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived La Vanguardia Language A language of the resource Castellà Subject The topic of the resource Churchill, Winston, Sir, 1874-1965 Democràcia Govern Acció política Guerra Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995-08-25 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Descriptive Identification : Note Note inside the descriptive identification of an archival description or a component. Alcalde de Barcelona Articles https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/8/2836/200203_CitiesGlobalWorld_PM_JdNadal.pdf e2b95e520ae78e162977f37028073d3d PDF Text Text CITIES IN A GLOBAL WORLD From the pvramid to the web ... with a few steps in between 1.- lntroduction Let me present sorne th inking about certain aspects of the matter which 1 consider to be crucial. 1will highlight, of course, the non-cooperative aspects of the globalization process. 1 will try to explaín in particular how a globatly networked world, one that opens new opportunities instead of turther promoting nationalism and hierarchy, provokes what 1will call "vertigo of new treedoms". 1 will attempt to establish a first conclusion, highlighting the need for new public policies in a world that pretends to be increasíngly líberalized. In this context, 1 would like to draw attention to the capacity of the local world to play an active role. Borrowing the New Citizenship concept from Saskia Sassen, 1will insist on the positive role of local agents and politicians. Based on this point. 1 will attempt to compare the idea of the Global Village with the idea of a world of cities that compete and cooperate, leading to two important points: No abstract paradigm of the city exists. lnstead we have one of concrete cities, each one with specific possibilities and limits, which leads us to the second point: the need to have comparable indicators of each specific reality in arder to enhance the ability to perform. Herein, líes the general framework of what 1wish to say. 1" X 1'. 1 would like to begin my presentation by citing one of the many documents (more than 140,0001) that are floating around on the web and that respond to the connection of the two key words of our topic: Cities and Globalization. The following passage is taken from the rev1ew done by Dr. Mit Mitropoulos of IAPS (Peop1e- Environment Studles lntern1tlona/ A:ssoci11tíon) In hls book 'H1blt•t. Citl.:> in A Glob1/i%/ng Worfd··Globel Report on 0 Human Settlements". The author ends hls review with a subtle and lronic twist . He writes: "Back in 1954 Laszlo Benedek directed The Wild One, with Marlon Brando riding with a roar �into tidy-silent Wrightsville. He is floater Johnny, leading a mottey bunch of motorcyclists wearing leather branded Black Rebels. The other character in the scene is a local haírdresser in her prime. The hairdresser asks Johnny cheekily, "What are you rebelling about?" Johnny responds, "What have you got?" The scene occurs during a decisíve moment of the Fordist-Keynesian production model that began in 1945 and would guarantee three decades of sustained growth in industrial production as well as the establishment of the Welfare State for developíng COUntrieS. As Steffen Schnei_de_r declares (Post-Fordism, the Resurgencfl of the Local State, and Naw Forms of Urban Gavernance: A~ments and Deficíts of an Emerging Meta-N1trrative) : "There is now widespread consensus on the combination of economic and politlcal factors that enabled the Western Industrializad countrias to recovar from the Graat Dapression and to enjoy three decadas of unprecedented growth and stability after 1945. According to the standard aceount, this phase of capitalist davelopment was, natlonal variations notlNithstanding, basad on Fordlsl mass production and its macroeconomic regulation In and through tha Keynesian wettare state. "The logic of the Fordist-Keynesian paradigm was tied to national, demand and employment orientad macroeconomic regulation even though it was embedded in a specific international arder, characterized by United States dominance, the Bretton Woods system am:1- the--first- steps- towards trade liberalization, and also entailed specific functions for urban regions and local governments. The urban regions around industrial cities were the main sitas, and the phenomenon of suburbanization - often actively encouraged by national housing and transportatíon policies - was an important element of the "virtuous circle" of mass production and mass consumption that sustained economic growth and stability in the postwar era. Yet local variations in the forms of production and consumption are considered Jargely irrelevant in the literature, and local governments are described as having a subordinate role during that time - namely, as local arm of the Keynesian welfare state, responsible for providing the infrastructure of Fordist mass production, administeríng the welfare programs of central governments, and organizing social consumption." (Steffen Schneider) 2.- Development without solidarity While 1 apologiza for such a long quotation, 1 believe it provides clarity, and 1 would now like to retum to the contemporary Johnnys and hairdressers of our world. Today the paradigm has changed: we are in the Post-Fordist era. But in �Barcelona the World Bank suspended a seminar far fear of the recurrence of the events that unfolded in Geneva which constitute a precedent for disturbances anywhere in the world where representatives of a global economy or commerce gather. Despite the change in style that the Davos gathering in New York tried to present, a few thousand people protestad against this symbol of globalization. In Barcelona, the measures of security on the occasion of the European summit on March 141h have been taken to extremes of dubious value. ( .. . ) There are still rebels. What are they rebelling about? What have we got? In PortoAlegre an important acknowledgement was openned far the need to react, not only in a mood of protest but also through política! and civic action, to the globalization of the economy and technology. This reaction can be summed up in one simple phrase: it is necessary to confront the globalization of the economy, technology ar power with the globalization of solidarity. Hardly a novelty. Yet sorne new concepts were introduced into the argument. Nongovernmental organizations and city govemments from Europe and Latín America called far greater coordination between local authorities and civil society to prevent marginalization and social exclusion. \ "The crisis of values has been globalizad, which means that we have lo globallze solidarity," nid Martln Pumar, mayor of Villa El Salvador, a poor nelghborhood in Lima, to IPS. - According to Martin Pumar, the aim of the Euro-Latin American Third Sector Observatory, which met severa! times in Brazil during the January 25-30 World Social Forum, is to foment partnerships and development projects carried out jointly by civil society and municipalities. The Observatory was just ene of a number of workshops and conferences held parallel to the plenary sessions of the World Social Forum. Giampiero Rasimelli, president of Ares, an ltalian NGO, said globalization has .....__ given rise to profound social imbalances between the índustrialized North and the developing South, as well as within each regían ar country. And "the cost is paid by the Citizens, Cities and democracy," he Said. Urgent changas mus! be brought about by governmant efforts and lnltlatives based on !he potential of globaHzation and new technotogies for boosting cillzen participation, and on experimenls in local autonomy focussing on sustainable economlc and social development. Partnerships between civil socíety and city governments, he said, have arisen spontaneously as a natural result of sharing experiences, seeking collaboration L.and reflecting on common problems. �Mexican social researcher, Jose Luis Rhl Sausi, said the growing partnershlp between civil sooiety and local governments had its roots in the crisis of development models - the European welfare modal as well as the development-orlentad models adoptad In Latín America. "That has given rise to a profound economic and political restructuring entailing a loss of declsion-maklng jurisdiction and power for the siete," sald Rhl Sausi. The coordlnator of the Euro~atin American Observatory, Claudia Barattini, underlined the growth of the Third Sector - that "ensemble of non-profit economic, social and poírtical lnitiatives, in which the socially-oriented enterprise and citizen groups stand out.• Claudia Barattini pointed out that the so-called "Third Sector'' has grown in a number of countries, but especially in those countries where civil society is best organized. "We believe that we can fashion a simple, multifaceted mechanism for the globalization of communities, civil organizations, and small and medium companies, which discovers its own strength in its capacity to strike up partnerships, based en the quality and simplicity of common experiences," she (... said. In their final document, the more than 100 city govemment officials, mainly from Latín America and Europe and drawn by the World Social Forum, acknowledged the need to work closely with NGO's on initiatives aimed at upholding citizen rights, fomenting social participation and addressing the needs of neglected sectors. The necessary changes could arise in urban or rural areas, but the gap between mainstream society and the marginalized, which is widening in today's globalized world, was most starkly visible in the cities . In addition, they said, cities are the scenario where social aspirations and innovative responses affirming the quality of life and the rights of human beings are mainly played out. The mayors called for a modification of the tendency to marginalize sectors of the population, proposing common policies to tackle social exclusion and greater coordination between cities to work out problems and achieve a stronger presence in both the national and intemational spheres. Thay agreed that it was Indispensable to work together with citlzen groups to resolve the housing crisis and extend urban services to alt, as well as to address the needs of the poor through a more just distributíon of public funds, with greater backing from central govemments. The local authoritíes called for greater participation in the development of national economies, in arder to improve the insertion of countries into the global economy, "without lopsided dependencies". To do that, they argued that �progress must be made towards the adoption of mechanisms aimed at controlling intemational capital flows . The mayors expressed their backing ~fthe Tobin Tax, the well known - or not so well known - tariff on intemational financia! transactions that would gather funds for the fight against poverty at the national as well as the local leve!. The deputy mayor of Lisbon, Vasco Franco, said it was nota question of being for or against globalization, "but against exclusion." "(Cities) can make a difference, by contributing to setting rules for unregulated globalization," said Franco. He also pointed out that social aspects were fundamental to that process, and that "local govemments have much to contribute." (Source: Third World Network) lt is evident that the new era, or the age of technology, the market and the economy taken as a whole, together with global power, is creating in many cities a pessimistic view of the immediate futura: In this pesslmlstlc seenarlo, processes of globalization drlven by the accumulatlon strategles of transnational corporatlons 1re sean as central, while state restrueturing is perceived as largely based on the neo-Uberal agenda. In such a context, increased local autonomy is the privilege of a few global cities, while the scope and contents of innovation in urban govemance are dictated by market imperativas. The optimistic scenario, by contrast, presents a discourse of "hope" according to which economic and labor market policies implemented by local govemments can foster a progressive, general and sustainable alternative both ·to obsolete Keynesian and discredited neo-liberal strategies - an alternativa that supports growth together with social equity, more genuine democratic participation and improved quality of life. �3.- Technotogical changes: a new economy in a new space But befare evaluating possible scenarios, we must observe one fact, almost an empirical affirmation: our societies are moving at an accelerated pace from the pyramid to the web. That is to say, they are ceasing to be hierarchical, mononuclear and predictable and are becoming reticular, polycentric and open realities. Í This profound global transformation, the causes of which we will discuss shortly, presents opportunities and challenges, both from an economic and social point of view. 1 will try to explain how, in arder to take advantage of these opportunities and confront these challenges, it is particularly important to equip oneself with efficient, flexible and public policies based on cooperation. In addition, in arder to make these policies effective, they must be deeply linked to each specific location, to each territory. Territory meaning here a triangle formed by terrirorial govemment, universities and firms. 1 propase, then, the consideration of the well known paradox: in an interconnected and polycentric society, the importance of local factors increases instead of decreasing]What política! implications should we extract from this Uobservation? Let's have a look. J The motor fer the move from pyramid to web is, above all, technological. The development of information technologies has allowed for profound changes. Manuel Castells explained this in clear fashion: "Productivity, competitiveness , communication and, finally, power depend essentially on the capacity to generate knowledge and to process information in all areas of the economy and society". From a territorial point of view, ene of the consequences of the development of these technologies - among which the Internet is, without expression - adóubt, the highest is the reduction of spatial barriers. That is to say, the physical and administrative obstacles that, over the centurias, have made the movement of information, capital and goods difficult, tend to be drastically reduced. This removal of spatial barriers has led to a much higher capacity far the mobility of factors: greater volatility of capital, more rapid diffusion of t< �innovations, configuration of integrated and selectiva channels of communication. And this greater mobility breaks up the geography of countries and regions and integrates them into networks. These ínclude networks of individuals, companies and universities. They are flexible networks that are constantly changing and often do not rely on a rigid hierarchical structure. Therefore, it is difficult far any territorially based power, be it a municipality, a state ar the European Union, to control them. But it not true that nothing can be done to overcome these difficulties. 4.- Our challenges: advantages and fears of certain liberties that do not belong to everyone The economic and social opportunities presentad by this development are enormous. We will mention only one, the most obvíous one: the United States has undergone the longest uninterrupted growth cycte in its history (interrupted only by what may be one of the shortest crisis, if the optimistic data of the past few days is true) without inflatíon, only interrupted in 2001 to give way to a period of stagnation that seems to be on the mend. This is a period of growth that escapes, then, the classic parameters of economic cycles and, although offering any single explanation is still risky, it must doubtlessly have something to do with the ínvestment in technology and the organizational changas that this investment has brought about. In addítion, the monopoly on information and knowledge that has been in the hands of a few people for centuries has been broken. This information and knowledge is now freely accessible, at least to eveíyone who is integrated into the web. However, this new situation, this increase in free spaces, is not exempt from risks. In the first place, the transition from rigidly hierarchical systems to a situation in which - as Brecht's Galileo would say -"each one and no one can be the center", produces a certain vertigo. But the risks do not only arise from �the difficulty in adapting to changes. In effect, the freedom that the web offers can also represent an exclusion factor. One of territorial and social exclusion. In many parts of the globe, the access to the web is impossible for vast numbers of the population. Thus, the differences between that third of the world's population that lives in relatively well-integrated areas and the remaining two thirds are at risk of widening. This is true not only for the countries of the socalled third world. Even in the most advanced countries, bread territorial areas are being marginalized due to reasons of weak infrastructures or by price differences. This is the case with rural areas of the United States, and it could well happen in various European countries, including Spain. In my region, Catalonia, ene of the densest and most advanced in Spain, the deadline fer connection between the 41 district or county capitals through a wide band network has not been respectad. lt was assumed that it would be in place a year ago. lt has not. Now the quasi-monopolist of telecommunications, Telefónica, accounting for 86% of total communications as against 14% far the hundred companies in the trade, has offered ADSL solutions, accepted by the Catalan govemment, but not completely by the almost 800 hundred municipalities (out of 900 existing ones) organized in a powerful net called Localret. This net is decisive since the subsoil or underground cartography is mainly in its hands and operators need it badly. This is a fascinating conflict involving majar and lesser operators (i.e., monopoly and competition) as well as major and smaller political authorities. The "A" in Adsl meaning asynchronic (or asymmetric) services, that is to say, wide discharging capacity or consumption capacity and lesser sending or production capacity, the present solution is suitable for operators but not for local representatives. You can buy a marvelous version of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony living in the mountains 200 hundred Kms away from Barcelona, but you cannot send your own musical production from there. Conclusion: you can be a far away consumer but not a far away producer. The whole tale about ubiquity of production becomes simply not true. (Recall the Stockholm "Bangemann Challenge" story) �Furthermore, society's development of knowledge could ampHfy social differences in the same way: dueto reasons of age, training, and capacity far adaptation in very large sactors of the population. 5.- The need for public policies: the inevitability of technotogical transformation (but not of its social consequences} In light of these challenges it is important to be aware that, as absurd as it is to oppose technological transformation, there is no reason far us to have to accept its negative impacts, either from the territorial viewpoint ar from the social viewpoint. In fact, certain public policies can help to resolve, ar at least mitigate, these negative effects. These policies do not have to stem in any way from govemments' will to control the development of the web, either in its economic or cultural aspects. This constitutes a chimera that is impossible to accomplish from a technical standpoint. In addition, it would be absolutely counterproductive. In effect and quite counter to what it may seem, entering the new economy with a specific social model is the only way by which European countries can maintain and even increase the model of social protection and cohesion that characterizes them. Only through the increase in productivity derived by such a model will it be possible to achieve the necessary leeway for redistribution. Thus, rather than trying to limit or control the development of the network, the activity of governments must be directed at just the opposite: attempting to facilitate the adaptation of society to the network and of the network to societal potentialities. And avoiding that its development brings about an increase in inequalities and factions among social and territorial groups. In this sense, the formativa aspects upan which we can elaborate today are, in my estimation, fundamental: ensuring the quality of education (not only through the contents or the means available, but also through a substantial improvement of work conditions and the social consideration of those who do that work); incorporating ali social sectors, regardless of age or origin, in the �knowledge pertaining to new technologies (with "literacy" campaigns about the Internet); not allowing, at any cost, the differences among the various educational centers (rural/urban, public/private) to lead to inequalities in terms of opportunities far accessing the network. Along with the formative aspects, it is imperative to ensure, logically, the complete coverage (the more simultaneous the better) of the entire territory with infrastructures that permit equal access to the web. lf the opposite becomes true, the network's development will only lead to new marginal spaces. As such, far from being a technical discussion, the debate over the territorial development of the network is one loaded with political meaning: in reality, it involves the equality of opportunities among citizens, regardless of their origin and place of residence. And it means also a better profit far the countless investments made historically in now deserted land and villages. 6.- The strategic importance of local factors and policies In bringing these policies to term, in confronting these challenges, it could be assumed at the outset that the activities of local and regional powers - cities, and regions - are irrelevant. Thus, in a progressively interrelated world in which economic agents vastly surpass local situations, the question could be asked, "What importance can municipal or regional decision-making have?" But here we come upon the lovely paradox: in a network-based society, the importance of local factors, far from decreasing, actually increases. This is so because the enhanced ability to choose between situating activities in one place or another - placing a company in Barcelona, Lyon or Casablanca- increases the importance of the comparative advantage that can be derived from each location. This is the basis of the "local renaissancé" which has been discussed so much in recent years. This is the reason why local policies are taking on the highest importance. The success of the simultaneous policies of adaptation to the web and maintenance of the social protection systems of small countries such as Finland �ar The Netherlands provide irrefutable guidelines to follow in this field. The data concerning these two countries are both impressive and inspirational. In Finland, far example, 58% of the adult population has an advanced degree related to science or technology, the public and prívate investment in R+D is around 4% of the GDP, risk capital represents 0.15% of the GDP (compared to the European average of 0.06% and Spain's 0.02%) and the Internet is used regularly by 41.4% of the population. And ali of this occurs within the framework of a Scandinavian-level social security system. This, without a doubt, is the road to follow. The transition from the pyramid to the web, from a hierarchical society to a reticular one, opens enormous possibilities and presents important challenges. And the future of Europe depends largely on our capacity to confront these challenges from each and every one of our cities and regions. (Source: PM, From the pyramid to the web) 7.- From citizenship to the city. Saskia Sassen, 03.07.97, Transformations of Citizenship Saskia Sassen has highlighted with excellent criteria three partial yet strategic aspects of the political discourse regarding globalization. The first involves a loss of accountability regarding quasi-govemmental activities carried out by institutions, companies and prívate or deregulated organizations to whom the market structure has bestowed certain powers. A propos of this, it is certainly not too late to incorporate the example of opaque power of the agencies in rating the irresponsibility of a certain large consulting company in the Enron case. uunshrinking" the possibilities fer openness and accountability is also within reach for the political activities of citizens concentrated in cities. In my country, municipal pressure groups that demand higher quality energy infrastructures are creating an incipient counterbalance to the private companies that provide energy. The private services managing toll freeways are being obligated to enter into dialogue with municipalities affected by the terms �of their concessions. The large ports in the Internet and the society of knowledge offered by municipal libraries are competing with certain success to lower the connection costs controlled by the telecommunícation multínationals. In other words, the implementation of this new concept of citizenship that affects not only private persons but also important collectives can retum to cities and their new policies part of the power that disappears with this strategic consequence of globalization. Sassen finds the second strategic element of globalization in the growing importance of human rights. She terms this dynamic, "the ascendancy of the international human rights regime. In many ways, it reduces the significance of nationally based citizenship in terms of rights attached to individuals, no matter what the nationality in question might be. lmmigrants and refugees have ctearly been a crucial instance through which this intemational human rights regime has demonstrated sorne of its influence and power". Allow me to insist that the reduction of nationally-based citizenship in terms of rights attached to individuals finds its clearest reality ín terms of the city insofar as the city is the continent of many of these rights. 1 return to my former reference: a citizen of Barcelona coming from abroad can be a person deprived of certain rights derivad of "nationalíty", for example the right to work or to unionize. But an important battle is unfolding in arder to provide that citizen with all the rights of a citizen . Citizens have many rights, but not all: the right to vote is missing for sorne. In the new Barcelona Charter now passing through the prove of Congress, a window is open to the possibility of immigrants locally censed even if not nationally legalized, as well as of 16 to 18 year old youngsters to participate in the elections of their disctrict or neighborhood representativas. Comig back to Sassen, if she polnts out soma ot the positiva and strateglc aspects of globallzatlon, allow me to add to the role of international justice organizations that monitor human rights the many examples that deepen the exercise of these rlghts at the city lave!. Ona example of this would be the Networ1< of Rafuga Clties that taka in authors deprived of their rights to opinion In their countries of origin. Another would be the Network of Educatlng Cillas, that broadcasts around the world local experiencas within the framework of respect and deepaning of these rights. We could add to these the very existllflca of departments within the City Councll that specialize in promoting !hase rights within the city environment as wall as in intervening in moments and areas of conflict. And we should no! neglect to mantlon the citizen aspect of the NGO's that specialize in this area. Once agaln, it seems claar to me that lf globallzation does not serve to create a network for confronting hierarchy, not e single one of these positiva strategic factors such as the fomentlng of Human Rlghts wHI ever be achieved. Tribunal for the Milosevics and Bin Ladens, for su re, but services at the local level for immigrants without papers, as well. Even if In that last issue, established citizens have lo have recognized thair right to secura neighborhoods and decenl schools. Otherwise democracy befna such an lmperfect crealure, the b!nef¡js to �be obtaloed by caplta!lzlng on fgar are h!nt¡istlcal!y hlgh. Needfe$S to polnt lhe rac;t thal most fascjst reglmes haye come out of votes and nO! out o! "coups' . The thlrd strateglc element that Sassen menllons is precisely the crisis of the classic concept of democratic representation via the vote. By thls 1 mean the degree to which new and old collectives do not feet represented, l.e. feminists, human rights advocates, immigrants. lf she focuses her attantlon on !he progressive importance of international law, 1 also would llke to highlight the factors of proximity, solidarity and participation that oughl to characterize cities. The representation of the city does not escape the need to go further into the contradictions of that democracy that, in the sixties, wa oalled ''formal". But the city has (or can hava) very powerful lnstruments far overoomlng "formalism•. The citizen, whether lndivldually as part of a collective, feals this proximity to power by belng able to attend tha debates of their representativas In arder to promete publlc interest initiatives. Tha intensive application of the principie of subsidiarity recognlzed in the Europaan Carter of Local Autonomy can furthar optimiza the proximity of the citizenry to local powar lnsofar as thls Is eble to resolve a wider spectrum of neads and establish a broadar array of programs. Finally, the right of participation at the local leve! far surpasses the simple delegation of representation by means of the vote: topical municipal counclls and publlc heartngs are two examples. 1 have chosen to follow the pattern of this article by Sassan first and toremost out of en lnterest in her strateglo appreciation. Howaver, there is a sacond reason for this as well. lt involves the city. And !he city Is the most significan! meaos by which to damonstrate that tha process of globallzation is not necassarily a "zero sum game" in which increased global power m&ans dlminished local power. The city can add value or diminlsh disadvantages as long as the movement is from a hiararchical conception of political action to a web concapt. Both !he axtension of accountabillty as well as tha dafanse of human rights and represantation of minority or individual rlghts have two routas for compllmentary prograss: the "supranationar powars and influence (laws, lnstitutions, publlc opinion, etc) that are derivad from or are mechanisms of globalizetion, and the deepaning of local autonomy and establishment of challenges of coordinatlon or simply competition among lhese powers. 1 spoke before of a pessimistic scenario regardlng the globalization process as well as a contrasting one of optimism. Now that it Is in vague among certain individuals to qualify the Post-Fordian modal as a Nao-Schumpeterian modal, it would be a good idea to remamber why Shumpater forecast the fall of capitalism. 1 illustrate with the ever sharp and concisa words of Joan Robinson: "The increasa in the standard of living and tha diffuslon of aducation create a class of unsatisfied intellectuals that channel aod articulate the resentment ot tha masses In faca of toequality, inaquality without which capitalism cannot function. Above all, the business function becomes antiquated due to technologicai progr ess. Wth !he devalopment of the large-scala compaoy and experimental sciance, true lnnovation is reduced to routine and the buslnassman degenerates into a bureaucrat". This lncrease in the standard of living has occurred In developlng countries, and education has baen diffusad. Thare now exists a class of unsatisfied lntellectuals that denounce inequalities. But techoological progress has etimulatad the appearance of new, innovative entreprenaurs that, using experimental sciances as a basls, have lnnovated in nonbureaucratlc ways. And some·analysts, though lacking necessary indicators and about which 1will speak later, balieve that the models ot local progressive power are not indifferent to tha continuad fight against lnequafüy and !he resulting apparition of new opportun~ies for innovation. 8.- Global village or world of cities What stirs people up are cities because cities are the real probfem, the problem that is visible. But people's unstoppable instinct is to conglomerate, to live �The truly interesting thing is the way in which these vast new spaces are realizing that their fundamental intemal policy is the building of the backbone of a system of powertul cities: Eurocities and the Regions Committee, Mercocities, CityNet in Asia, United Towns of Africa, etc. Two years from now, in 2004, in Paris, the United Cities Organization will be created alongside the U.N.O. The fact is that an advanced group of daring cities have begun to construct a network of world cities. Even if we speak of cycles of optimism and pessimism, we ought to speak about the accumulation of future phases and past phases, in each moment of time, with more or less dramatic adjustments). Sorne bibliographical references and sources on thls process of creation of Uniled Cilies along side the Unlted Nations include the following: Río-Barcelona Oeclaration 1992***: two hopes with the name city. Agenda 21. The works by J. Borja'*, M. Castells**, Jorge Wilhem, F.E. Cardoso, M. Cohen (World Bank..): J would call them "sociologists in the conques! of action". 1 should add Jaime Lemer. lstanbul OO. AMCAL Declaratlon (Assembly of Clties and Local Authorltles)'*. HABITAT Declarallon 2••. Amsterdam, May 15-16, 1997. European summlt of reglons and clties. Final Declaration. Rapport Stoiber-Gomes. Final PMM Speech** European Charter on local autonomy ••. Councll of Europa. European Union Treaty. Preamble. Cities in a Globalizing World: Global Report on Human Setllements 2001 Jan. 25-30, 2002, World Social Forum. Porto Alegre Befare coming to the last point in my proposal, 1judge it necessary to qualify the premature appearance of the concept of globalization and of the global village in one of the following ways: • as a sublimation based on a thin empirical veneer; • as a genuine hope of peace; �prices in poor sections is good and pulling them down in rich ones is also welcome. 3. Creating a battery of common indicators, with cultural fork if necessary. Towards a virtual market of cities on the following issues: 1) pollution, 2) noise, 3) crime, 4) accidents, 5) housing costs, 6) education levels, 7) health (life expectancy, infant mortality, UBA cost), 8) justice, 9) public transportation commercial speed. These are the analytical, behavioral and policy implications of the socalled Barcelona model. To wrap things up, let me conclude by saying that the radical critique of the neoclassical model has become oldish. The assumption of a fully informed market is more real today than during the first half of the last century; the mobility of production factors has grown to levels unimaginable in those times (who remembers the Hecksher-Ohlin theorem ?), and even the divisibility of productlon factors is greater. One could certainly maintain a radical criticism of static analysis { of the "terrible pedantry of static analysis" of which talked Joan Robinson). But economic analysis offers two equally plausible exits: A system of hierarchically arranged cities that operate independently from the main centers of power where only the first tier plays a significant role in a society close to total globalization. Ora system of network cities that compete, cooperate, unite and innovate by providing added value, minimizing inconveniences and strengthening the advantages of a globalized world. Therein líes the challenge. The first is a rather static model providing a good analytical tool. The second is a rather dynamic model clase to economic policy. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 02. Activitat professional Type The nature or genre of the resource Sèrie Description An account of the resource Documentació emanada de l'exercici professional de Pasqual Maragall. - Gabinet Tècnic de Programació de l'Ajuntament de Barcelona (febrer 1965-1968, funcionari 1968-1979) : com a economista. - Servei d'estudis del Banc Urquijo (1965-1968). - Aula Barcelona (setembre 1997 - març 1999): funda i presideix Aula Barcelona com a centre de gestió del coneixement per a l'administració de les ciutats. És un espai comú de reflexió entre universitat, empresa i administració en relació amb la ciutat i el seu passat, present i futur. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cities in a global World: from the pyramid to the web ... with a few steps between Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Nadal, Joaquim de Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-03 Type The nature or genre of the resource Conferència Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Language A language of the resource Anglès Subject The topic of the resource Ciutats Globalització Description An account of the resource 15 p. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Discursos i conferències https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/30/1137/19880208d_00264.pdf f96df7c44f1f5669fdc0b63eed259a32 PDF Text Text le Ntalv il Ajuntament Discurs de l'Excm. Sr. de Barcelona Alcalde de Alcaldia Gabinet de Comunicació Barcelona al Plça. S. Jaume s/n. 08002 Barcelona Telèfon: 301 07 07 Tèlex: 54519 Laye e City Council de Toronto Toronto, 8 de febrer 1,988 ^, w �HONORABLE MAYOR, CITY COUNCILLORS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, IT IS A GREAT HONOUR, AS THE MAYOR OF BARCELONA, TO ADDRFSS THESE WORDS, TODAY, TO THE CITY COUNCIL OF TORONTO. TRIS IS NOT AN ORDINARY EXPERIENCE. THESE CONTACTS ARE NORMALLY HELD BETWEEN MAYORS. ALTHOUGII THESE CONTACTS ARE, MOST OF THE TIMES, POSITIVE, I FEEL GRATEFUL FOR HAVING THE OPPORTUNITY AND THE HONOUR TO TALK. TO THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE CITY ON THE WHOLE. IN DEMOCRATIC COUNTRIES THE CITY HALL IS, IN MANY WAYS, A PRIVILEGED INSTITUTION. IT ALSO HAS, INDEED, S OME INCONVENIENTS. FOR THE C ITIZEN S, THE CITY HALL IS THE CLOSEST ^►- �—3— POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUEST. THIS HAS TWO POSITIVE EFFECTS FOR DEMOCRACY: 1) IT GIVES US THE CHANCE TO HAVE A BETTER KNOWLEDGE OF THE PROBLF.MS AND NEEDS OF THE CITIZENS. 2) IT A.LLOWS THE CITIZENS TO HAVE MORE FREQUENT AND INTENSE CONTROL OVER TfiE :^UNICIPAL POWER AND BEHAVIOUR. THESE EFFECTS ARE ALSO POSITIVE WHEN THE CITY HALL PARTICIPATES IN ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES WHICH ARE OF THE CITY I"_dTEREST. WE IIAVE SOME OF THESE EXAMPLES IN BARCELONA. AS FOR THE INCOI`1VENIENTS, WE SHOULD KEEP IN MIND THAT SOME OF THE DECISSIONS THAT CONCERN THE CITIZENS — AND SOI•4ETIMES THESE ARE VERY IMPORTANT DECISSIONS— ARE ' OUT OF REACH AND CONTROL OF THE CITY HALL. THAT IS WHY WE BELIEVE IN PROTECTING THE MUNICIPAL �—4— AUTONOMY AND IN KEEPItiG A CONTINUOS DIALOGUE I'dITH TIIE OTHEP. PO[v'ERS AND ADï•IINISTRATIONS IN ORDER TO REDUCE THAT INCONVENIENT TO THE LILIIT. I DO THItdY. THAT THE CITIZENS OF TORONTO AND BARCELONA HAVE SOME SIGNIFICATIVE RESEMBLANCES. IN TIIE F IR ST PLACE, DYNAM I SM . MANY CITIES SIr°IPLY ACCEPT WHAT HISTORY HAS LEFT THROUGH THE YEAPS AND THIS IS ALL THEY HAVE. I BELIEVE THAT THIS IS NOT THE CASE OF OUR CITIES. THEY ARE THE CAPITALS OF WEALTHY REGIONS BUT THEY ARE NOT THE CAPITALS OF THE NATION. THEY HAVE THE SAME EXPENSES AS THE CAPITALS OF THE STATE BUT THEY CAN NOT ENJOY THE ADVANTATGES THAT SUCH ` STATUS :'IAY OFFER. THEY ARE CENTERS OF URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS WITH A �SIMILAR DEMOGRAPHIC IMPORTANCE: AROUND 3 MILLION I NHABITANTS . AND THEY ARE IMPORTANT CENTERS OF COMMUNICATION . I HONESTLY B1LIEVE THAT WE CAN EXCHANGE OUR EXPERIENCES IN SOME OF THESE MATTERS. NE FEEL VERY INTERESTED BECAUSE WE ARE SURE WE CAN LEARN MUCH FROM TORONTO. AS YOU KNOW, BARCELONA IS GOING THROUGH AN EP.'THUSIASTIC STAGE IN ITS PROGRESS. WE HAVE GREAT EXPECTATIONS IN FRONT OF THE 1992 OLYMPIC GAMES WIiICI-I WE ARE ORGANISING. WE KNOW, THOUGH, THAT THIS IS ALSO AN IMPORTANT COMMITMENT . IT IS A GREAT CHANCE FOR BARCELONA TO DO NEARLY EVERYTHING IT HAD BEWI LEFT TO DO AND WE EXPECT TO DO IT • RI G H T . �BUT PIE ARE ALREADY THINKING ABOUT THE DAY AFTER TIIE GAMES BECAUSE WE WANT TO KEEP ON 47ORKING WITH THE SAME DRIVE THAT :';E HAVE NOW . CITIES ARE CENTERS OF VITALITY AND CREATIVITY. THERE ARE COMMERC IAL CENTERS BY DEFINITION. IN MOST CASES FROM THEIR BLGINNINGS IN THE OLD MARKETS AS IT WAS THE CASE OF TORONTO AND BARCELONA. THEY ARE SPOTS OF FREEDOM FOR COMPARING IDEAS AND FOR PPRTICIPATION. CITIES IIAVE COMMON PROBLEMS BUT NOT DIRECT DIFFERENCES BECAUSE THEY DO NOT HAVE BORDERS TO DEFEND OR SOVEREIGNTIES TO BE RESPECTED. THAT IS THE REASON WHY CITIES CAN UNDERSTAND ONE ANOTHER SO WELL. �I AM CONVINCED OF THE FACT THAT CITIES WILL PROGRESSIVELY INCREASE THEIR RELATIONSHIPS. THIS WILL IMPROVE THE ATMOMPHERE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND WILL BE A CONCRET CONTRIBUTION FROM THE CITIES TO INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND COOPERATION. LET'S SET TORONTO AND BARCELONA TO WORK IN THIS DIRECTION. LET'S MAKE THESE TWO CITIES AN EXAMPLE OF HARMONY AND COLLA BORATION. A PATTERN FOR A POSSIBLE WORLD CITY SYSTEM IN THE FUTURE. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 09.01. Activitat de representació (com a Alcalde) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1982-1997 Description An account of the resource Aquesta sèrie agrupa els documents sorgits de la funció representativa de l'exercici del càrrec d'Alcalde de Barcelona. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 4043 Title A name given to the resource City Council de Toronto / Discurs Type The nature or genre of the resource Discurs Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. Toronto, Canadà Language A language of the resource Anglès Subject The topic of the resource Relacions Internacionals Administració pública Municipis Administració local Barcelona Territoris Acció política Model social Toronto Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1988-02-08 Provenance A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource. Aquest document forma part del fons municipal de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona (productor de la documentació) i és còpia digital de l’original custodiat a l’Arxiu Municipal Contemporani de Barcelona. EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Discursos i conferències https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/1624/0000000781.pdf 93432ec90092f3128dc9ea3d888856bd PDF Text Text 23/04/2006 Entrevista:Pasqual Maragall* "CIU ha tingut la paella pel m~nec per estirar I’Estatut aquí i rebaixar-lo a Madrid" ERC ¯ "Aras’hantrobatqueaquells ambels qualsconfiaven a anarjuntsenel maximalisme dela pretensió nacionalista els handeixata l’estacada; aixbjustificariael seudesconcert" PSC. "Ésel partit quehaactuatentot el procés d’unamanera més cartesiana, lleial i transparent" Per Vicent Sanchis asqual Maragall acaba de tancar tot just la segona crisi del seu mandat.L’octubre passat fortes desavinences ambels tres partits que integren el seu governvan impedir que el president de la Generalit at aconseguísconcretar la remodelació que havia pret0s. Ara, perS, tot ha anat d’una altra manera. Maragall ha aconseguit renovar el seu executiu, per5 no s’ha estalviat tampoc algunes tensions afegides. Sis consellers nous garantiran, segons afmíaael president, arribar al final de la legislat~ra. vern pt~cisament ambla idea contr~ria... p President, perqu~ li éstandificilfercanvisenungovern decoalició? Noés tan diñcil... És delicat, és més complexfer-ho en un governde coalició que en un de monocolor.El govern de Zapatero inclou nomésun partit, no ha de discutir res amb ningú. Aquísón tres partits i cal discutir-ho tot entre tots. Serémésconcret. ¿Nohauriaestatmolt més f~cil trucaralsdirigents decada fnr;apolíticai resoldre la qüestió amb unes telefnnades i sense tantdesnrnll? Aix5que diu vostOés e] que hemfet. Nomésque, comque els tenim aquí al costat, no costa res demanar-los que vinguin... Dasprés d’aqnest canvi,sembla havar-se fet explícita la seva voluntat d’exhan rir aquesta legislatura... És bcn evident que aquesta ha estat la meraintenció. Tambéli he de dir que malhavia dir el contrari. Hihagentquedeiaquevost~ havia previstla remodelació perdesprés del referéndum. Hi ha gent que deia que era millar. Jo he cregut sempreque no, perqu0 no hi ha cap motiu per pensar que les vi~Xutsdel canvi no hagin de ser més grans commésaviat es faci. Vast~sapque,arrandelpacte sobre restatutentreArturMas i José LuisRodriguez zapatero, esvadirqueI’acord i mplicavaconvocar eleccions després del referéndum... En aquesta hipStesi noméshi ha un problema important... Qn~intentavast~amb aquesta remodelació? Donar mésfor~.aal govern? Evident. En el doble sentit de trobar perffls totalment adequatsa les funcions que s’han de tirar endavant i en el sentir tambéde crear un revulsiu, prémerl’acceleradar de l’acció de govern ambsang nova. Es el president qui ha de convocarles eleccions. I sóc ja tambéquivol arribar al final de la legislatura. Per6també és normal pensar que,desprésd’unprocés constituent, amb la modificació dela Ilei b~sica delpaís,esfa necessari obrirunanovaetapaamb la convocatoria d’eleccions. Me’npot posar algun cas coma exemple? Lamateixa Constitució espanynla exigeix aquest reqnisitenel casd’nnamodificacióqueafectialgun delsarticles b~sics. Per5 no parlem del mateix. L’Estatut no ho demanai no crec que sigui estrictament neeessari ara convocar e]eccions. Acabode zemodelarel go- El president Zapatero acaba defer uns canvis perimposar unanova"politica social", tal com diuell mateix. ¿vost~ té alguna ideab~lsica enaquest sentit?En quins aspectes incidir~lmés el seugovern enel quequeda delegislatura? En aix6 estera bastant d’acord. La majoñade les iniciatives ja preses i que han tingut pocavisibilitat tenen a veure ambaix5. L’~mfasien la FRANCESC MELClON ¯ Passa a la p~gina6 �23/04/2006 Entrevista:PasqualMaragall* FRANCESC MELCION qüestió educativa i en la sanitaria ho expressen claramant. Comtambé ho expressa clarament la devolució de compet~ncies,de La llei de barris. El territori no noméscoma ~mbit teóric, sinó coma 1]ocon les coses passen. I aquí hi ha les claus de ]a nostra governaciói tot aix0 s’accentuar~ encara més a pai%ir d’ara. Ambun afegit ó, que és de reclosió de les iniciatives en materia de te]ecomunicacions. Perqu~en un país que ha estar Cerdssim. durant tot el període democrittic governat per una sola for~a, encerar Si la majoria parlamenthria a partird’ara aquesta nova fórmula... En un país a Madrid hadeserPSOE i Convergencia i que és una nació, cosa que encara no Unió,i aquíla maJoria la formen el PSC i se li havia reconegut,on hi ha Esquerra, ¿aquesta contradicció no nacionalistes i no nacionalist es al tindr~elsseusefectes a Catalunya? govern, que és d’esquerra, assajar, No, contradiceió, no. Alguna coms’ha fet, una fórmula semblant difieultat, sense dubte. Per5 o somo no és gens sanzill. De fet, per aquesta no som./,Creiem o no creiem que complexitat del governila seva Catalunya és una nació? Si ho composiciói e]s seus objectius creiem, doncs resulta que nosaltres passentotes les línies de forqa de la hemde tirar milles, hemde Qu~passar~ amb la reforma dela Ilei complexitat de la governació de continuar avan~ant, hemde tragar Catalunya i d’Espanya. En bona camí. El que passi en el conjunt territorial? Aix5és una altra cosa. Ambles neis mesura,el que va passar, el ha passat d’Espanya és enormement tenim una recanqa i, d’altra banda, i el que est~ passant aquí marca important, per5, en tot cas, no ha d’impedir que nosaltres, si somuna un desig i una obligació. La recan~a bastant el to del que ha suec~it a tot és no tornar-nos a enfarfegar en un Espanya.En aquest sentit, tot i les nació, tinguem un govern i una dificultats, que han hagut de ser política propis. procés en qu~les lleis siguln més moltes, més de les que havíem importants que la gover~ació. Per~ tambéhi ha una obligació, que és que previst, podemdir que nosaltres I vost~saguantaran la situació? Aguantarem. en aquestalegislatura s’ha dllaver, sl hemestat la punta de ]lan~a d’una no acabar, si plantejat el conjunt del modificació substancial del mapa marclegal de Catalunya. Crec que és polític de rEspanyaplural. President, parlem deI’Estatut.¿Ésun diñcil que aquests processos tan bonEstatutel quehaaprovat el Congrés llargs i tan ]ents de les ]leis Li pregontava perla continu’itat del espanyol? govern tripartitenla pr6xima legislatura.No, no és un bon Estatut, és un gran fonamentals puguin arribar a bcn port dins aquest mandat. Peró, en Estatut. Unaaltra cosa és qulil judici No,aix5 no s’acaba. Veigdifícli dir faria jo deixem-hoper a més tot cas, hemd’enllestir-ne unabona que aquesta etapa hist5rica s~~agi par~ del recorrcgut, de maneraque acabat. Aquestaetapa histórica endavant, aixó- delproeés pel qual en al mandatsegüent sigui possible, continuar~c Algúdir~t que hemtingut s’hi ha arribar. 5Fíns a quln punt hi pr~tcticamant tot just comen~ai; moltes dificultats, molts ensurts, ha hagut alts i baixos de vegades rematar la tasca de fomentació molts aceidents... Esth per veure que forqats, t~cties, que han fet que la legislativa de] país. aquests accidents, incidents i ensurts lectura deis resultats sigui una mica no hagin estat ]’escala d’aprenentatge més complexadel que hauria de ser. Pregunta obligada, araqueen parl¿ d’una governació méssólida. Per qu~és un gran Estatut? Vost~ té la i ntenció detornar-se a presentar... I quan s’acaba rescola i comen~.a I’ofici? Perqu~ho té tot. Qu~li falta? Els Notinc per qu~ no fer-ho. Li puc bcn garantir.., comho diría? aeroports i les autopistes? D’acord. ...s’apr~n a copsa la vida. VUlldir Ja hi som, sobre aixó. Possiblement Pensa repetirla mateixa fórmula? ¿Hi que.., n’hemaptos. alguns deis seITells que queden haur~ també govern tripartit enla s’hagin de resoldre no en l’Estatut, pr6xima legislatura, enel casquevnst~ Vost~creu que, desprésdel pacteentre que potser tampoc estava goanyi leseleccinns? Zapateroi Mas, EsquerraRepublicana históricament pensat per recollir El tripartit ha tingut una vida queda despenjada delsseusacords amb aquest tipus de detaiis. Hauria estat agitada, una cofia d’ensur~s, de el PSOE i el seugovern a Madrid? ¿Éscert bé que hi fossin, per5 potser havíem queli convenia al PSOE, després dela estat massa ambiciososi aixó hagi momentsdifiefls, etcétera. No esperhvemque los tan aixL Vist des campanya fortlssima del PPcontra de venir per la via d’uneslleis que d’ara, ho podíemhaver pensat. Esquerra, desfer-se’n? tornin a Catalunya dues coses que i són les que Ii falten des del punt de i vista de l’equitat económicai que hem aconsegult amb aquest Estatut: la fórmula generali el compromísen les inversions. Per contra, falt aria £ONTINUTTAT reformar alguns deis sistemes de "~sevidentquela redistribució econ6micaque té l’Estat i que passen no per la via de meva intenciÓ és exhaurir la redistribució global, que és la legislatura" l’óptima, sinó per lavia de capses tancades de redistribució, en l’hmbit PACTE PSOE-CIU de les autopistes o deis aeroports. "L’Únicproblema és Esth demostrat matem~tticament, queés el president en teoremes económics, que si qui convoca les s’optimitzen capses tancades, eleccions" trossos de l’economia,no s’arriba a l’óptim mal. Moltes vegades és qüestió de canviar d’un sector a un REPETIR "Notino perqu~no altrc, no que aquest sector s’aguanti tenir la intencióde per el] mat eix. Quehi hagi una tornar-me a transferencia de recursos entre presentar" sectors. El sistemes actuals de redistribució de recursos, en ports i COALIClÓ aeroports, d’una banda, ila "Elsincidents i els inequitat que hi ha en materia de ensurtsal govern peatges, de l’altra, són dos afegitons hanestatescola que hemde fer en e] sistema actual d’aprenentatge" perqud sigul 5ptim. I n’hem conven~ute] govern, per5 hemfet ESQUERRA tard per encabli’-ho a ]’Estatut. Ara, "Éscertissimque s’ha guanyat la batalla moral. araconvenia al tan PSOE desfer-se dels Amiemfa I’efectequeells noestan republicans" preocupats perteoriesecon6miques com perla titularitatdelesinstal.lacions. Si esdiscuteix sobre I’aeroport de NACIÓ "Si somunanació, Barcelona, perexemple, el problema és hem de superarla quiencontrola la titularitat... dificultatdelpacte Qui són ens? entrePSOE i CIU" El govern deI’Estat. Anema paros. Reeonec que hi ha corporacions estatals que tenen aquesta preocupació, que s’han identificar ambla funció. Aix6 no és bo. Am~s,d’altra banda, aquestes funcions entren cada vegada més dins la lógica del mercat, que és una altra... És el cas dels aeroports. �23/04/2006 Enaquest sontit,¿vosté amb quicreuque hi hamésproblemes, amb Aena,com a prupiet&ria delsaeroports, o amb el ~overn s quecentral? tot aix5 és Estat. El governés Estar iAenaés Estar. Si vost~ era pregunta qui ofereix més resistencia a cedir les instal.lacions de] Prat, Ta qüestió no és aquesta. La qüestió és qu~ és bptim. Quiho intel~preta. Pot interpretar-ho l’Estat o les autonomies, d’una banda, o el mercat,de l’altra, que en el fons, en aquesta qüestió concreta, és qui acabar&decidint. Nohi haur& manera d’impedü" que f’ma]ment s’imposin els avantatges de l’efici~ncia que s’obté ambun funcianament mercantil en sectors que han estar tradicionalment de titularitat pública. Ou~passa amb la fórmula fnal ques’ha acabat aprovant sobreel finanfament? També és unagranfórmula? És el canvi que esper&vem fa vint anys. Miri, el sistema que teníemjo personalmentno l’havia entes mal. Sijo tornés a ]a universitat, les una classe i era preguntessin com í~nciona, ho tindria mdit negra per poder-hoexplicar. Nohi havia una racionalitat senzilla i explicable. Ara s’ha avanqat molt en aquest sentir, encara que en el futur es millori més. S’ha avanzaren el sentit que Catalunya ha assentat en el seu Estatut uns principis que acabaran sant els p~incipis federals, per entendre’ns, del sistema. Aquests principis són que hi ha d’haver una proporeionalitat entre resfor~ fiscal i els resultats, el primer.I el segan, que hi ha d’haver una preporeionalitat durant un període de tempslIarg entre Ta participació de cada territori en el producte interior brnt i el volumde les hiversions de l’Estat. Enel cas de les inversions, aix5 implica un 50 per cent més, per als pr5x~nssiso set anys, que les que l’Estat fa en aquests momentsa Catalunya. En el campdel f’manQanmnt dels serveis queda establert que efectivament hi ha un mecanismede solidaritat, per5 que quedaquantificat i que, per tant, és explicable,intel-ligible i acceptable. Multbé. Per6aquest finan;ament noés ni debun trusel queesvaaprovar al Parlament. En materia de fman~amentde serveis, ]a filosofia és la mateixa.] en materia d’inversions, si ha passat alguna cosa és que hemmillorat. NOésel casdela recaptació d’impostos ni deI’ag~ncia tributarias.. En aquest ~mbit, el que hemfet és iniciar un camí. S’hancreat tres ag~ncies:la de ]’Estar, que ja existia, la de la Generalitat i una de conjunta. I es preveu que aquesta tercera pugui acabar absorbint les altres dues. És veritat, no s~a fet de cop una agencia tribut ~z~ia, per5 s’ha marcat el camíper arribar-hi. ESTATUT "No,noés unbon Estatut,ésungran Estatut" MANCANCES "Qu~ hi falta?Els aeroports i les autopistes? Jahi som,sobreaix6" FINANI;AMENT "Ésel canvique esper&vem fa vint anys;el queteniem o norhaviaentes mai" Amiemsembla quela rebaixa ésnotable. Perquévanapujar tantel Ilistóa Catalunya si després rhavien d’abaixur a Madrid? Aix6hadeixatmaltagent descol’locada i, enel casdelgovern, ha fet queundelstrespartitsqueI’iutegrin sen’hagi excl6s. Enel cas d’aix5 darrer que diu, c~~c A6ENCIA "Ésveritatqueno que dep~nmésde]s gestos i dels s’hafet d’uncop escenaris que no pas dels continguts l’ag~ncia tributfiria, del mateix Estatut. Entot cas, és perohi arribarem" evident que la mateixa dinhmicade la c]audicació de l’Estatut hiportava. El REFER(=NDUM vat de CiUara no era necessari. És "Noenshemdefer millor que hi sigui, pe~~5no cal. En canvi, en l’aprovació al Parlamentde grans il.lusions Catalunya no hihavia Estatut sense sobrela participació" ens. Convergenciatenia aquí la paena )el mknecen el sentir d’estirar. Com desprésl’ha tingut en el sentit de DURADA "Aquest Estatutha rebaixar, curiosament. L’ha tingut arribatper quedar- perqu~a ]’Estat ii ha convingut.Noa Catalunya. Aix8per a nosalt~es no Vs" era necessari. Per5 ho era per al governespanyol. Aquís’ha praduit aquesta concatenacióestranya... Per6el PSC nohafet exactament el mateix? NOhacontribuft a la rebaixa de I’Estatuta Madrid? Sí, per5 el PSCho va dir des del primer dia. Convergenciano va dir mal que estirarien al m~xim i que despuésja afluixarien. Nova dir-ho mal perqu~ després s~lauria complicattot. El PSC sí que va dir quenosaltxeshi ha coses que Convergenciai Esquerra, en aquest cas concatenades, ens van obligar a aprovar que no veiem i possibles. Es va dir i aix5 va moure i turbu]~ncies dins el PSCsobre i ropo~¢anitato no de fer-ho. Es va i avisar: ’~Nosaltresa Madridtindrem : problemesambtot aixS". Convergenciaha acCuat ambmolta astúcia mésque en un sentir nacional. Se lipot perdona~.Sí, perqu~és a l’oposiciói, per tant, hiteniael dret. FRANCESC MELEION ¯ Passa a la pagina 8 �23/04/2006 Entrevista: PasqualMaragall* ESQUERRA "CIUelshadeixata I’estacada; aixb i justificael seu enuig" Els partits pobres, de treballadors, per dir-ho d’alguna manera,són els que han de demanarals seus militant s que paguin. Mentreque els altres partits aquest problemano el tenen, perqu~ja en tenen, de diners. Quan sete’nvala m&, deia... Malanmnt. El veigmoltoptimista enla rectafinaldel seumandat. Home,obrim una nova etapa que, malgratles dificultats inicials, perqu~ els canvis sempre causen alteracions i pertorbacions en el panoramapolitic, és esperan~adora psc per la qualit at del nou equip. Ambun "Estíomoltcontent panoramaen qu~ l’embolcall de ambel meupartit, l’Estatut deixar&de ser opressiu. perqu~, a més,el Després del referéndumdel 18 de juny ens trobarem amb un govern resultatés bo" rodat i en perfectes condicionsper i CRISI aconseguir els objectius que "Totselspartits busquem. handefensatque queestractad’ungranEstatut. els seusconsellers Afirma nopleguessin" ¿preveu també ungranresultarenel referéndum del 18 dejuny? Sempre he pensat que no ens hem de ! VENDRELL lar enormesil.lusions respecte a La "Hem de donaral participació. Perqu~la primera nouconsellerun vot deconfianza" vegada sempre és la més important. En el momenten qu~ s’aprova rEstatut es passa de zero a Estatut. DINERS FRANCESC MELCION "Només demanen Ara en canviemun per un altre. En dinersals militants aquel] momentens est&vem Tenlael dret d’aprofitartotes ]es tambéli dic que en tot aquest procés és 15gic.Eranmilit ant s del partit, aquellspartitsque constituint coma país. Ara estera oportunitatspe r tenir mésvisibilitat i el que ha actuat d’una manera més han fet una feina ambbona fe i quan canviant La manera comens protagonismodels que té normalment cartesLana, lleiali transparent ha elpresident els diu que els vol govel~em. En aquel] momenthi unpartit situar a l’oposició. estat el PSC.Noacuso de mala fe els substituir, posenels seus partits en havia una sensació de fer histSria altres. Per5sí o bé d’oscil-larionsi una situació poc agradable. Per5 total. Araaix5 no hi és. Jo canvis, o b~ d’ingenffitat. El PSCha tothom ha entes que els canvis són m’escaiTassaréper explicar a la Acaba dedir queEsquerra rebutja I’Estatutmés pergestos i escenaris que estar meridi&.Per aix5 estic molt per millorar. En el cas concret de ciutadania que estan eqaivocats en pelcontingut estricte deltext... content ambel meupartit. Molt. Xavier Vendre]lli hem de donar un aixS. Estera fcnt el que havíem Esquerra va estac molt d’acord en Perqu~,a més,el result at és : vot de co~ffianQa.Crecque és una d’haver fet la primeravegadai no alguns casos, fms i tot va anar més boníssim. Un gran Estatut. De un persona que, comtotes, no es mereix varo saber fer perqu~ no teníem enl~- ambConverg~ncLaen la l’experi~ncia necess~ria. El moment canto en los dientes, comdirien en que la jutgin abans dTmra."Oh, és ponencia i al Parlament de castell&... que ha com~serrors!", diuen... en qu~ Catalunyas’est& estatuint Catalunya. Ara s’han trobat que ambuna llei prSpia és més aquest aquells ambels quals confiaven ¿Elrebuig d’Esquerra Republicana li Aquests errorshanestatdenunciats amb que aquell. Arasí que estera en d’anar junts -per dir-ho d’alguna comportar~J problemes de cohabitació en contondéncia perI’oposició i hanacabat condicions de dir que Catalunya és protagonitzant totel canvidegovern... manera- en el maximalismede la el goverm? u~anaciói volaix6 i ali5... pretensió nacionalista que Inieialmant. Hi ha un període de i Algunsd’aquests errors són comparteixene]s dos partSts els han turbul~ncies, per5 ho estem importantsi tanmateix li haig de dir Pertant, vosténopensa enunareforma deixat en l’estacada per sorpresa. arreglant. que, sent comsóc molt clític amb estatut~ria finsd’aqui a vintanysmés... Aix5justificaria el desconcert alx6 -i seré molt exigent en aquesta Quanse’n fa una, després petits d’EsquerraRepublicanai seria la També hi ha hagutproblemes amb canvis ja fan menysbasarda. Hi linia- els argumentsde la dreta no causa del seu enuig. Esquerra enla crisi degovern. m’impressionen gens. Demanar haur&lloc per fer petits retocs, per5 Concretament perla destitució del diners als militant s és el que fan els jo erec que aquest Estatut ha arribat Si Zapatero hagués fet el pacteamb conseller Joan Carretero. pa;¢its que no en tenen. per quedar-se molts anys. ¯ Tots els partits han defensat que e]s Carod, enIloc defer-hoamb Mas,enels mateixos termes, Esquerra hauriaquesi? consellers que havien de plegar no ho I si set’escapa la m&, perdir-ho d’alguna Aix6ja és...I sí, i sí... He,he... Vost~ ja fessin. Tots tres ho han viscut amb manera, i en demanes als quenosÓn * Pasqual Maragall éspresident dela entén perfcctamentel que livuUdir. I una micade disgust, coma pai~its. I militants... Generalitat i CIU "ConvergOncia ha actuat ambmés astúciaquesentir nacional" � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2003-2006 Description An account of the resource Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat. No tenen tipus Tipo temporal para mapear las fichas sin tipo a la base resource template de Omeka S Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CiU ha tingut la paella pel mànec per estirar l'Estatut aquí i rebaixar-lo a Madrid Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Avui Language A language of the resource Català Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Maragall, Pasqual, 1941- Sanchis, Vicent Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Textual Type The nature or genre of the resource Entrevista Subject The topic of the resource Estatut Catalunya Espanya Acció política Territoris Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006-04-23 EAD Archive The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids. Level The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too). Document Entrevistes