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343e1f794420bdf92bcec4dbe1850ef1
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Data: 30/10/95
GUIÓ
Per a:
De:
Assumpte:
Excm. Sr. Alcalde
Gabinet (NB)
Intervenció a la conferència "Developing London's future" de l'Association of
London Government, ALG,
De cara a la intervenció de l'Alcalde a la conferéncia "Developing London's future" de
l'Association of London Government, ALG, se suggereix de tenir en compte els elements
següents:
La conferéncia "Developing London's future" -que organitza l'Association of London
Government- associació que agrupa els districtes laboristes de Londres- i el Greater
London Enterprise, té com a objectiu estudiar les experiències de regeneració urbana de les
ciutats de Barcelona, Berlín, Nova York i Estocolm dutes a terme conjuntament amb el
sector públic i privat, mantenint la responsabilitat i direcció política deis projectes.
(S'adjunta en annex el programa)
Aquesta és una qüestió que preocupa molt els responsables municipals de la ciutat atès que
moltes de les accions de renovació de Londres s'estan duent a terme per empreses o
entitats privades no responsables directament,dels ciutadans londinencs.
"N Vi
La conferència tractarà sobre la pèrdua del control de les iniciatives privades de
desenvolupament local i regional per part de l'Administració i pretén comparar el model de
transformació d'aquestes ciutats per veure com es pot dur a terme la renovació de la
responsabilitat local i la satisfacció colectiva de la ciutadania londinenca de cara al segle
XXI,
ALCALDIA
FA
R9911/1.,1 d'rn“-:lacla
�"DEVELOPING LONDON'S FUTURE"
ASSOCIATION OF LONDON GOVERNMENT
1. BARCELONA AS A MODEL OF JJRBAN
TIRANS F O I WIATON.
OVER THE LAST 15 YEARS BARCELONA, HAS MADE A
SIGNIFICANT AND QUALITATIVE LEAP. FROM THE
OLYMPIC AND METROPOLITAN CITY WE DESIRED IN
1982, WE HAVE PROGRESSED, AND ONCE WE HAVE
ELIMINATEDi;-COMPLETELY
FRONTIERS, THE CITY WILL BECOME
EURO-REGION WITH 15 MILLION INHABITANTS
WHICH ASPIRES TO BECOME THE DOOR TO
SOUTHERN EUROPE AND ONE OF THE CULTURAL
CAPITALS OF EUROPE.
4
AT THE HEART OF THE BARCELONAMODEL IS THE
BID FOR A EUROPEAN CITY, A CITY WHICH DOES
NOT SEPARATE-, BUT WHERE DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES
CAN RIGHTLY COEXIST. BARCELONA IS STILL AN
INDUSTRIAL CITY, DESPITE THE PREDOMINANCE OF
THE SERVICE SECTOR, INSURMOUNTABLE
BARRIERS BETWEEN RICH AND POOR AREAS ARE
NOT CREATED.
OUR STRATEGY HAS NOT BEEN ONE OF
INTERVENTION, BUT INSTEAD ONE OF LJEADERSHIP
AND COMPLICITY. AND THANKS TO THIS THE
PERIPHERAL DISTRICTS HAVE BEEN REHABILITATED
AND INCORPORATED INTO THE CITY, DIGNIFYING
THEM AND CONVERTING THEM INTO NEW URBAN
CENTRES. THE CITY HAS THEREBY HEALED THE
ef L
�SCARS CAUSED BY THE URBANISM OF FRANCOS
BARCELONA.
THERE
HAS
BEEN
A
,!:ZEAT
URBAN
TRANSFORMATION TAKIÑG CAR l THAT NO 1.1i"
COHESION HAS BEEN LOST~AGGRAVATI N (E THE IMBALANCES BETWEEN SOCIAL AND
TERRITORIA L 7)A jUL
‘j‘j t\1/1/4
GeWi4-U/j-eW
'
, \i
(Iej tc (c,' ii(
c
WITH THE COMPLICITY OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR' F-rc<4-:,
THE LIFE OF THE CITY'S OLD QUARTER HAS BEEN
REVITALISED. SLOWLY AND1PEACEABLY STUDENTS
AND YOUNG COUPLES ARE BEGINNING TO MOVE
INTO THE AREA. THEY HAVE REDUCED THE AREA'S
DENSITY BY OPENING UP BUILT-UP SPACES
crr'YO.
-^?
WITHOUT FORCING THE POPULATION OUT:- NEW
CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS HAVE
l‘r:
FOUND HOMES THERE:': THE CENTRE OF
CONTEMPORARY CULTURE, THE MUSEUM OF
CONTEMPORARY ART OF
(MACBA), NEW
FACULTIES OF THE UNIVERSITIES OF BARCELONA
AND POMPEU FABRA
Ck-t4
BARCELONA HAS BECOME A POINT OF REFERENCE
FOR EUROPE. AS A MODEL IT HAS INSPIRED THE
TRANSFORMATION OF LISBON PRIOR TO THE 1998
UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION. BÉRLIN HAS ALSO LOOKED
TOWARDS BARCELONA, TQ REORGANISE ITS CITY
CENTRE WHICH WAS PREVIOUSLY DIVIDED BY THE
WALL.
1,,qLit
lWbrL‘,
BARCELONA'S EXPERIENCE IN STRATEGIC PIANNING
IS CONSIDERED EXEMPLARY BY BOTI-T THE
EUROPEAN UNION AND THE WORLD BANK, AND HAS
BEEN APPLIED IN OVER FIFTY SPANISH CITIES AND
BY OTHER CITIES IN THE WORLD: RIO DE JANEIRO
DE JANEIRO, BOGOTA, CARTAGENA. THE MAYOR OF
OLI) bij
�ROME, MR. FRANCO RUTELLI, PUBLICLY DECLARES
THAT BARCELONA IS THE MODEL OF COMPLICITY
TOWARDS WHICH HE ASPIRES.
w -71
.1,■
1'1
w
á 4tAlij"%.....e
WE HAVE BEEN PIONEERS 'IN DEFENDING THE IDEA
THAT EUROPEAN CITIES, APART FROM COMPETING
AMONG EACHOTHER (SEARCHING FOR INVESTMENT
AND LOCATIONS) MUST ALSO COOPERATE WITH ONE
ANOTHER IN ORDER TO FIND A SOLUTION TO URBAN
PROBLEMS. WE MUST NOT FORGET THAT THE
CITIES' PROBLEMS ARE SHARED BY 80% OF URBAN
DWELLING EUROPEANS: EUROCITIES, POLIS, C-6.
/THIS MODEL OF CITY TRANSFORMATION HAS BEEN
BUILT UPON CONSENSUS, WITH THE IMPLICATION
OF THE CITIZENS AND THE COMPLICITY OF ITS
SECTORS. BARCELONA HAS UNDERTAKEN ITS
SECOND STRATEGIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PLAN,
WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF ALL THE CITY'S
ECONOMIC, TRADE UNION, ASSOCIATIVE AND
UNIVERSITY INSTITUTIONS.
THIS HAS BEEN THE KEY O THE CONSCIOUS
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION IN THE CITY'S
TRANSFORMATION. DURIN'b THE OLYMPIC GAMES
THE CITIZENS OF /É3ARCELONA MASSIVELY
PARTICIPATED IN THESPORTING EVENTS -A151WEIIE
77±c-
2 c
t.
-1-02
BUT THE GAMES WERE ONLY THE VERY START OF
THIS PHENOMENON. SINCE /THEN THE
INAUGURATIONS OF SPORTING A D CULTURAL
FACILITIES, POPULAR FESTIVITIES AND OTHER
CITIZEN EVENTS HAVE ALWAYS,BEEN GUARANTEED
•/RESPONSE
AND
PUBLIC
TREMENDOUS
�PARTICIPATION,
EXPECTATIONS.
EASILY
ALL
SURPASSING
THE CITIZENS OF/BARCELONA ARE NOT ONLY
PROUD OF LIVMG IN THEIR CITY, OF THE
IN ITS INFRASTRUCTURES,
IMPROVEMENT
FACILITIES AÍD SERVICES BUT ALSO MAKE ACTIVE
USE OF THEM.
IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THIS URBAN CONSENSUS IT
IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO EMPHASISE THE
CITY'S MORE RATIONAL USE WITHIN THE CONTEXT
OF A BROADER DISCUSSION ON AUSTERITY, AS A
VALUE TO BE STRENGTHENED, IT SHOULD BE KEPT
IN MIND THAT THE CITY IS A LIMITED BENEFIT WHICH
SHOULD BE DISTRIBUTED AMONG MANY AGENTS:
AMONG VEHICLES AND PEDESTRIANS, AMONG
ACCOMMODATION, FACILITIES, INDUSTRY AND
GREEN AREAS, ETC....
/7'
THE EFFICIENCY OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION
HAS BEEN SUBSTANTIALLY IMPROVED: THE
MUNICIPAL WORK FORCE 17IAS BEEN REDUCED TO
2000 PEOPLE OVER FIVE YEARS AND THE DISTRICTS
HAVE UNDERGONE A 21WDECENTRALISATION. WE
HAVE BEEN PIONEERS IN INTRODUCING NEW
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES; FIRSTLY 010,
INTERNET, CABLE.
;)41
r}-1's".ii t.,
7
THERE HAS BEEN AN ATTEMPT AT BRÉAKING
ait~- MONOPOLIES: THE HOTEL PLAN, oi
AJUDICATION OF CLEANING SERVICE COMPANIES
TENDERING FOR CONTRACTS.
74
/4-‘1„
t,
PROMOTING COMMERCIAL QUALITY. BARCELONA IS
A LABEL WHICH SELLS AND THE CITY HAS A
RECOGNISED TRADITION IN COMMERCIAL QUALITY.
�;c.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE CITY \1-1AS
CONTRIBUTED TO THE PROMOTION OF TRADITIONAL
COMMERCIAL CENTRES.
BARCELONA IS /ME
FIFTEEN MILLION
---41~11F A MARKET WITH
INHABITANTS. L(
(c)
2. BARCELONA'S FUTURE STRATEGIES
BARCELONA FINDS ITSELF IN A CONSOLIDATED
POSITION TO FACE THE DEdISIVE YEARS WHICH END
THE CENTURY AND, WHAT IS MORE IMPORTANT,
WITH NEW PROJECTS FOR THE FUTURE. WITHIN
THIS CONTEXT IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER
THAT THE CITY HAS A DESIGN. ONE WHICH IS
CONCORDED IN THE SEÇOND STRATEGIC PLAN._
ONE WHICH BIDS FOR QUALITY & LIFE AS WELL AS
FOR PRODUCT AND SERVICE QUALITY.
---
BARCELONA'S PRINCIPAL STRATEGIC BIDS ARE TO:
,
, ,
A
A) CONSOLIDATE BARCELONA AS 4.--J.-....illt
N-N
MEDITERRANEAN EUROPEAN --,01ACROCREGIO,
WITH A POPULATION OF 15 MILLION.
------- _:_,.. )
A
‘\)-"\ 9,
1
B) BARCELONA AS THE DO
1-1-u B íN,
,,,,,
,,
..,..2.
–11,!'
THE SOUTH.
J OR\
�- YÓL
C) QUALITY OF LIFE. BARCELONA A CITY OF QUALITY.
D) CULTURE AND COMMUNITY SPIRIT.
fi
E)
INTERNATIONAL/ISATION.
PROJECTION: EUROPE,
AND LATIN AMERICA.
r
i1b
PRINCIPAL AREAS OF
THE MEDITERRANEAN
SOME MEASURES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED
AND REINFORCE THESE STRATEGIES ARE:
,
(
,
\
1..
.,
,
(
�-THE PRIORI SATION OF COMMUNICATIONS WITH
EUROPE, \_,/
-THE CREATION OF AN IMPORTANT LOGISTIC
PLATFORM IN THE LLOBREGAT DELTA,
-IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE CITY'S
ENVIRONMENT,
-A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT,
-BARCELONA'S CONSOLIDATION AS EUROPEAN
CAPITAL OF CULTURE,
-THE STRENGTHENING OF BARCELONA'S ROLE AS
CENTRE,
INDUSTRIAL
AN
IMPORTANT
CONSOLIDATING AND IMPROVING ITS
COMPETETIVENESS VIA A METROPOLITAN
INDUSTRIAL PACT,
-THE ENDOWMENT OF THE CITY OF NEW JUDICIAL
AND LEGAL INSTRUMENTSi TO ALLOW THE CITY TO
INFLUENCING
THE
PROBLEMS
RESOLVE
THE MUNICIPAL
POPULATION'S DAILY LIFE.
i
CHARTER
Q
v 1 vU
91-71-1
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�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
09.01. Activitat de representació (com a Alcalde)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1982-1997
Description
An account of the resource
Aquesta sèrie agrupa els documents sorgits de la funció representativa de l'exercici del càrrec d'Alcalde de Barcelona.
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The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
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4364
Title
A name given to the resource
Intervenció a la Developing London's Future
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Discurs
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Maragall, Pasqual, 1941-
Format
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Textual
Spatial Coverage
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Londres, Anglaterra
Language
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Anglès
Subject
The topic of the resource
Relacions Internacionals
Acció política
Londres
Urbanisme
Barcelona
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995-10-30
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Aquest document forma part del fons municipal de l’Ajuntament de Barcelona (productor de la documentació) i és còpia digital de l’original custodiat a l’Arxiu Municipal Contemporani de Barcelona.
EAD Archive
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Document
Discursos i conferències
-
https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/30/953/LondonGreenPaper_1997.pdf
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Last year's Architecture Foundation debate. From left - Maragall, Hampson, Hall, Jenkins, Blair, Rogers ... and just behind, Cassidy and Booth.
London's Green Paper:
the view from Barcelona
Pasqual Maragall, Mayor of Barcelona since
1984, and leader of the city often cited as the
ideal model , sets out his reaction to
the Government's proposals for London.
h en in June 1996 Richard
Rogers and Norman Foster
invited me to a memorable session on
the future of London's government at
Westminster Hall (organised by the
Architecture Foundation) I couldn't
foresee what was going to happen, but
the atmosphere and the enthusiasm
were superb . Indeed, the character of
the developments to come is
unmatched in my recollection of similar political phenomena.
Add to this the following facts: on
July 16th, 1997 the Plenary Session of
the municipal council of Barcelona
approved unanimously the bill for a
new Charter for our city; and around
the same time the bicameral constitutional committee in Rome was legislating that the (Federal) Republic of
Italy is made up of cities, provinces,
regions and the state (no capital's');
all components on a similar footing.
Don't we live then in the midst of a
devolution revolution? Aren't we seeing the turning point of an era which
began back in 1978 with Proposition
13 in the Californian elections of that
year? Will the influence of that antifiscal revolution on the current proposals ever be recognised? Scotland's
W
Planning In London October 1997
Summary of the
Govemment's Green Paper
on London Government
Newleadership for London, the
Government's proposals for a
GreaterLondonAuthority, a
Consultation Paper can be
obtained fromthe Stationary
Officeand costs£7.10. It has a
foreword by the deputyprime
ministerwho saysthathe
hopesit 'willgeneratea great
debatein London'. Londoners
are invited to respond to 61
specific quesiionsposedby the
GreenPaper. Comments
should be sentto the
Govemment Officefor London
by October24.
Outline (Chapters I and 2)
The GreenPaperproposes a
Mayorand Assembly, both
direc~y elected. Togetherthey
will makeup the Greater
London Authority (GLA). The
Mayorwill be the executive, the
Assembly willscrutinise the
Mayor. The precise relationship
between the two and how differences between themwill be
resolved haveyet to be worked
out.
The functions of the Mayorwill
include
1 proposing the budget
2 devising strategies and action
plans
3 promoting actionto implement London-wide strategies
4 beinga voicefor London and
5 makingappointments to various bodies.
»>
referendum and the July 29th Green
Paper on London are going to be cornerstones and vital tests of the depth
and scope of the devolution process,
not only in the United Kingdom but in
Europe at large.
I refer the reader to the texts,
speeches and conclusions of the
European Summit of Regions and
Cities held in Amsterdam on May 1516, 1997 to appreciate the volume and
the quality of the expectations existing
in this area of governance (internet
access: http//:www.europa.eu.int/
index/htrn),
I will comment on the Green Paper
chapter by chapter and add, in bold
characters, some comments relating
the London proposal to the Barcelona
model.
First a note on style. New leadership for London - The Government's
proposal for a Greater London
Authority - A consultation paper is an
outstanding piece of new governance
style. Clear, candid , practical, open...
and on the Internet. The authors
deserve and will get a robust feed-back.
Chapter 1 - The strong sense of
identity of the five million citizens of
London, the lack of a clear voice for it,
the fact that too many decisions
regarding the life of such a substantial
and complex community were taken
by central government and shadowy
committees seem to be obvious reasons for the proposals and very much
in tune with the spirit of the times: to
make things closer, simpler and
accountable.
Still the fact that all 'this is important not just for London but for the
nation as a whole' would probably
deserve more than a simple list of the
facts that make London important for
all of Britain, i.e., the size of the
metropolitan economy, the gateway
character of the city for the nation,
etc... Possibly, it is more than enough
for Londoners to approve the proposal,
though it might be not enough for the
rest of the British citizens to accept it.
I am convinced that devolving powers to Londoners is better not only for
them but for Britain in general. The
case for that is well made out all
through the document: What about
formalising it from the very beginning? National governments are not
made to run cities, not even capitalcities. The 10 key criteria for the new
London government are consistent
with the so-called 'Barcelona model'
which has been so well presented by
Richard Rogers and Norman Foster
and referred to by Tony Blair.
'Strategic', 'streamlined', 'consensual', 'audible', etc... In some respects
it goes beyond and improves the
Barcelona model: the coherence of the
proposal with an overall philosophy of
the government about best value targets is lacking in the Barcelona/
Catalonia/Spain case (recall that the
Page 5
�MARAGALL
Barcelona Metropolitan Area authority
was partially suppressed in 1987, following the Thatcherite example in
London of the GLC); the modesty of
the objective of being 'influential' on
the decision-making of a range of both
public and private actors is striking for
a Latin observer, be it Italian, French
or Spanish: we keep on believing that
it is Law and only Law that changes
things! The very same debate and the
way it is opened is much superior to
the Barcelona Strategic Plan consensus building efforts, except for our
'bottom-up' procedure.
Chapter 2 - The five key roles of the
Mayor seem only a consequence of the
10 criteria for the new government,
but they are really innovative. There is
not such a strong figure in other
megalopolis but at the same time
other megalopolis have mayors with
many less restrictions on their administrative action. TakeNew York: I know
Giuliani well and knew Koch very well
and their way of doing things. They
have a police force of about 40,000
strong under their direct command,
something that the new LondonMayor
is most likely not to have. Yet the
London mayor of the year 2000 seems
to be devised to have a stronger influence on the overall landscape of
Londoners' living conditions, employment opportunities and transport side
effects (pollution and the like) than
New York or Mexico City mayors actually have.
The mayor/assembly relationship in
the GLA seems to me well handled.
The smallness of the assembly will
strike many. It sounds comfortable for
the new mayor and for the taxpayer,
but the absence of local representatives
in the assembly is difficult to understand at first glance, even with a lack
of direct local executive power of the
GLA, if I have understood it well.
In Barcelona the metropolitan
municipality is a body freely decided
and constituted by the mayors and
councillorsof the metropolitan municipalities, including those from the central city, whose mayor was elected
president. The two functional bodies
created by the 1987 law (Transportand
Environment, including Water and
Waste) coexist and work together with
the municipality. Its powers were
severely limited by those of the
Page 6
»>
In all thesefunctions the Mayor
will be scrulinisedby the
Assembly and the Assemblywill
also scrutinise the activities of
otherpublicly-funded bodies
and may also initiate its own
enquiries and reviews. The
Green Paperproposesthat the
Assemblyshouldhave 24-32
members.
The new authority willcover the
areaof the 32 Londonboroughs
and the Cityof London.
Electing the Mayor and
Assembly (Chapter 3)
Threeoptionsare suggested for
the methodof electing the
mayor:
the first-past-the-post system,
which meansthat the candidate
who gets the mostvotes
becomesmayor,eventhough
he or she may have received
lessthan half the votescast:
the secondballotsystemunder
which, if nonegets morethan
50% of the votes cast on the
first ballot,a limitednumberof
candidates go forwardto a second vote:and
the allematvevote system
wherevotersselectany number
of candidates in orderof preferenceand, if no candidate
securesan overall majority of
firstpreferences, then the lowest placedcandidate dropsout
and and his or her secondpreferencesare lransfered to the
othercandidates and thisprocess continues untilone candidate receives an overall
majority.
In discussing the methodof
electingthe assemblythe
Green Paperrooksat two questions:the sizeof constituencies
and the electoral system. The
constituencies could be the 32
boroughsor they could be 24
groupsof aboutthree parliamentaryconstituencies. or they
could be largermulti-member
constituencies, or evenone single London-wide constituency
The optionsin choosingthe
electoral systemdependon the
size of the constituencies. If the
constituencies are singleseat,
the elections would be eitherby
the firstpast the post systemor
by the alternative vote system. If
the constituencies are multimember,the Green Papermentionsthreeoptionsapartfrom
the first-past-the-post system:
the listsystem,which requires
electorsto vote, not for an individualcandidatebut for a party,
so that independent candidates
standno chance,
the additionalmembersystem,
whichallows a proportion of the
the seatsto be allocated on the
first-past-the-post system,with
the remainder allocated to parties on an all-London list,and
the alternative vote system,
wherevotersare required to put
candidates in orderof preference.
It is suggestedthat elections of
mayorand assemblyshould
take placetogethereyerythree
or four years. The Government
»>
Autonomous Community of Catalonia.
The Barcelona Metropolitan Area covers an area containing three million
people. The Metropolitan Region of
Barcelona, only a planning device up
to now, contains 4.2 million people.
Chapter 3 - Not opening the issue
of boundaries is a wise decision. In the
June 96 meeting at Westminster Hall,
Peter Hall suggested the South East
region as the new London area but
with a central London council of the
Barcelona central city size (1.5 to 2.0
million inhabitants) and its elected
mayor presiding automatically over
the Metropolitan Assembly. I liked this
formula then, but I lack the data needed to go further in this debate.
I understand that the Green Paper
refers to a London government of
around five million citizens and 32
boroughs plus the City Corporation.
The ineligibility to vote for London
workers not living in the area is a universal rule. But mayors tend to distinguish more and more between midnight population and mid-day population, the latter being substantially
larger than the former. The real problem is the day-time popoulation getting a 'free ride' from the resident population.
How many costs induced by the
midday inhabitants are the midnight
inhabitants ready to pay for? The
drama of many American large cities
lies there: rich suburbs use the central
city during the day and forget about it
when it comes to paying taxes. The
central city or parts of it tend then to
specialise in very low income families,
as well as in congestion and decay, on
top of high costs and high rates.
London would do a lot of good to
many large cities if its new
Government were to be clear and fair
about free-riding and tax-base sharing
with the rich suburbs.
The mayor's position should obviously be a full time responsibility. My
opinion about combining rnayorship
with other elected positions is biased:
the Catalan Parliament in which I
served for two terms is but a place of
consensus building (or dissent) about
asking more of the traditionally greedy
centre of the Nation-State. No other
real debate occurs there that can help
a mayor.
On the length of terms: mayoral
jobs need a maturation time for strategic projects to develop. Two or three
terms of respectively five or four years
are nevertheless better than an unlimited number of terms.
'Candidates with access to substantial resources should not be able to
draw on these to gain unfair advantage'. Please let us know about the
ways and means of guaranteeing that.
Wewill copythem.
Chapter 4 - 'Integrate strategic
land-use planning with economic
development, regeneration, transport,
environmental and other strategies':
There is a crucial combination of different abilities and disciplines in
obtaining this main objective of strategic governance. The superiority of
local versus national or central action
is precisely the fact that urban scenarios permit the kind of 'complicities'
needed.
The Green Paper states that the
London plan took ten years to be produced and that it was then out-of-date.
The Barcelona experience vis a vis
other cities in reference to the general
plan is that an existing plan is better
than a perfect plan. The lesson of our
experience is that 40 years of nondoing (the Francoist period) allowed
Barcelonato think out just every detail
of what had to be done: access to sea
and waterfront, beltway, museums
(which ones precisely), which kind of
peripheral monumentality and downtown decongestion - everything. What
is happening today in London, from
the general government set-up to considering remodelling Trafalgar Square,
is strikingly similar. It is incredible the
amount of things that can be achieved
in these conditions in a short space of
time. The so-called Barcelona miracle
is that of doing in ten years what was
thought of in forty. Projecting and
consensus building is the most time
consuming of all phases in the
improvement of a city.
The roles of the Secretary of State,
the GLA and the boroughs seem well
devised. I would not be surprised
though, that both central and local
governments wanted more for themselves and less for the Greater London
Authority.
Art. 4.18 of the Green Paper seems
to me a statement on transport which
would be difficult to improve. Same
Planning in London October 1997
�Cassidy foresees a hands-on
mayor with power
ony Blair has done London a great service by giving his personal stamp to
the concept of an elected mayor to put London on a par with other great
world cities. He has devised a 'strong mayor' solution to London's problems.A
format which willbe repeated in other UK cities beforetoo long,writesMichael
Cassidy.
Elected mayors are a constitutional novelty in Britain and could revolutionise the role of local government and reverse nearly two decades of emasculation of councils - to the point where now 84 per cent of all local government
spending is, in effect, allocated by Whitehall. It will also help to break political
monopolies in the more industrial parts of the country and bring fresh hope to
independentcandidateswho are outside the main party machines.
In London. the mayor will be the initiator. The assembly is much more likely to be a check on mayoral excesses rather than an upper tier of local government. This is no GLC. It will have very few service-delivery functions and even
at the mayoral level the main responsibilities willbe strategic and promotional.
Because of the limited role of the assembly and the slim-line staffing
requirement for the mayor,the housing of the new entity becomeslargely irrelevant. Campingout in Docklands may appeal to some but my money goes on a
location close to Parliament because the mayor will havea lot of business with
ministers (fighting London's claim for greater resources) and very likely will
need instant access to the nest of TV companiesat Millbank.
In planning terms it is obvious that the London Planning Advisory
Committee will disappear but much of its activities will be inherited by the
T
thing with art. 4.19 and the points that
will or should be the object of the
white paper announced for next
spring.
Making transport authorities
responsible for carbon dioxide emissions and for combining from rail to
pedestrian means of moving around is
a well formulated policy which can
change the quasi-military approach to
transport typical of our great cities,
which by reaction evolves into
extreme privatisation and later on into
decay.
We all in Europe expect a lot of
London's resolution to tackle these
issues with your new-found vigour. I
always thought that without an Euroforum of those producing cars and
those producing urban roads no way
out existed. Yet someone has to force
the other one into sitting down
together. It seems to me that now the
new British attitude towards London
is going to provide such a push. Awelcome push.
Small and clean cars should be
given advantage in using the centre.
An almost empty, larger than 4 meter
long car looking for a parking place
whose cost is not much above the cost
of a subway fare, is a stupid thing to
permit. Yet cars represent freedom in
many senses and for many people, spePlanning in London October 1997
»>
believes thatcampaignfunds
shouldbe strictlylimited.
The functions of the GLA
(Chapter 4)
. The Green Paperproposesa
verywide remilfor the new
authority: itsfunctions 'allcome
underthe generalheadingof
sustainable development - giving all Londoners an improved
and lastingqualityof life.combiningenvironmental, economic
and socialgoals'.It shouldbe
'equipped to thinkstrategically'
and 'ableto organise action',
"working throughexisting organisationsbut to a commonpurpose'. The functions of the GLA
are considered underthe following heads:
Land-use planning role
The boroughswill retain their
planningfunctions - preparing
theirboroughUnitary,
Development Plansand exercisingtheir development control
powers, butthey willdo so within a framework set by the new
authority. It willdo this eitherby
givingstrategic planning guidance,or by producing a structure plan,takingover the existing functions of the Government
Officefor Londonand the
LondonPlanning Advisory
Committee and operating largely independently of the
Secretaryof State.It mightbe
givenlts own development control powersover certain types of
development such as waste,
minerals, majorroadsand
development by the boroughs
themselves.
Transport
The Governmentintendsto
publisha national transport poli»>
mayor's office, as will those of the
Government Office for London. It seems
highly unlikely that individual planning
applications will hit the mayor's desk, but it
is entirely possible that capital-wide policies
will be developed which the boroughs will
Michael Cassidy is former
need to accept, such as relating to high
buildings,transport co-ordination, use of the chairman of the City policy
& resources committee.
River Thames and promoting economic
development.
I would like to see the mayor spearheading a drive to raise new money for
London's transport, perhaps picking up where voluntary bodies like London
First have recommended new initiatives, giving them the necessary support
and urging legislation on ministers. I regard road pricing as inevitable and perhaps part of the proceeds, along with parking income in London, might be set
aside for mayoral initiatives, which are very unlikely to be funded by any additional preceptson the boroughs.
In all this is going to be a hands-on mayor with wide ranging powers and a
huge constituency. My beliefis that political skills by themselveswill be inadequate - the job calls for executive experience, stamina and an ability to communicate. My own theory is that we have not yet seen the name emerge of the person likeliest to succeed but it is fascinating to speculate and to look forward to
the daywhen London has its first electedvoice.
cially those in need of them or newly
using them.
London should convene the great
meeting of car-makers and mayors
that will pave the way to the future: I
would certainly be there, (even if no
longer a mayor), as someone interested in cities' improvement.
Chapter 5 - The extent to which
the GLA should have access to local
taxation will depend on the willingness
of local authorities to admit the benefit
of a strategic and combined approach
to London's environment and future.
The willingness of central government
bodies to accept it seems guaranteed
by the very same production and tone
of the Green Paper.
Revenues will increasingly depend
on convincing people that intentions
and actions are well founded. Cities act
because externalities exist that the
market cannot internalise and nothing
other than a city's government can put
together the relevant information.
Such actions should lead to strategic
added value. Thus, city incomes will
have to be closely linked to the ability
of each city to put forward and 'sell' its
goals.
Every large city in Europe will end
up having its own law. London is having its own. We all welcome you back
into the family of local governance.
»>
Cl'. Withinthis,the GLA will producea transport
strategyfor London. This willbe delivered by a
newlycreatedLondonTransport Authority (LTA),
separate but underthe GLA in that its members
wouldbe appointed by the GLA and it wouldbe
accountable to the GLA.
Economic development and regeneration
The Government intends to publish proposals for
Regional Development Agencies for each region
in England. Londonwill haveitsown London
Deyeloprnent Agency, (LDA). The GLA willsetthe
framework and direction for long-term sustainable
economic regeneration. The LDA willco-ordinate
action,
Environmental Protection
The GLA willcoordinate LocaiAgenda21, develop London-wide strategies on air quality, noise
reduction and otherlocalissuesto be implemented by the boroughs and otheragencies.
Culture, media and leisure
It is intended that the GLA shouldplaya leading
rolein developing the cultural mediaand leisure
sectors: the extentto whichit shouldtake over
some of the functions of existing bodiesshouldbe
decided on a case-by-case basis.
Police
A new policeauthority for the Metropolitan Police
areais proposed, withthe GLA appointing all but
one of the elected members, the otherbeing
appointed by the districts outsideGreaterLondon.
Fire services
The LondonFireand CivilDefence Authority will
be reconstituted as a boardresponsible to the
GLA.
Other Pan-London Bodies
The extentto whichtheseshouldbe brought
underthe GLA willbe considered 'keeping firmlyin
mindthe needto be strategic, stream-lined and
clearin purpose'.
Financial Arrangements
The GLA willbe subjectto the financial regimefor
localauthorities. Existing arrangements for funding
London-wide services (police, fire,transportetc.)
willbe retained. As to otherexpenses, the Green
Paperaskswhethertheseshouldbe paidfor by
localtaxpayers or central government. Viewsare
soughton how some budgetary fiexibility couldbe
achieved. No directtaxingpoweris suggested.
Page 7
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
09.01. Activitat de representació (com a Alcalde)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1982-1997
Description
An account of the resource
Aquesta sèrie agrupa els documents sorgits de la funció representativa de l'exercici del càrrec d'Alcalde de Barcelona.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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London's Green Paper: the view from Barcelona
Subject
The topic of the resource
Alcaldes
Barcelona
Àrees metropolitanes
Londres
Ciutats
Description
An account of the resource
3 p., n. 23, october 1997
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Maragall, Pasqual, 1941-
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Planning in London
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1997-10
Format
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Textual
Language
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Anglès
Type
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Article
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Article de Pasqual Maragall al número 23 d'octubre de la revista Planning in London sobre la governació de Londres i la Greater London Authority.
EAD Archive
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Document
Articles
-
https://arxiupmaragall.catalunyaeuropa.net/files/original/27/210/20050708londres.pdf
d27a1c60536b2af81a44282e3bcd6bc6
PDF Text
Text
Declaració institucional en relació amb els atemptats de
Londres
Palau de la Generalitat | 08/07/2005
Juntament amb tot el món estem entristits pel nou cop de terrorisme internacional que s'ha
produït d'una manera brutal la ciutat de Londres. Dir-los que per descomptat aquí a
Catalunya, i concretament a Barcelona, vam patir aquest terrorisme quan Barcelona estava
a les portes de ser la ciutat olímpica. I un cop i un altre cop. I el vam patir no només a
Barcelona sinó a Vic i altres ciutats de Catalunya.
Sabem què és això; el vam patir a Hipercor amb més d'una vintena de morts en aquell cas,
i sabem el que això significa i, per tant, estem amb la ciutat de Londres, amb el govern
anglès i amb la comunitat internacional que condemna aquest terrorisme que, poc a poc,
s'haurà d'anar vencent sobre la base de la instauració d'unes normes internacionals que ho
permetin.
1
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
12.01. Activitat de representació (com a President)
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2003-2006
Description
An account of the resource
Aplega els expedients i documents emanats de l'activitat protocol·lària i de projecció pública com a President de la Generalitat.
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
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1692
Title
A name given to the resource
Declaració institucional en relació amb els atemptats de Londres
Language
A language of the resource
Català
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Palau de la Generalitat
Subject
The topic of the resource
Terrorisme
Missatges institucionals
Acció política
Londres
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Maragall, Pasqual, 1941-
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Declaracions
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
Textual
Provenance
A statement of any changes in ownership and custody of the resource since its creation that are significant for its authenticity, integrity, and interpretation. The statement may include a description of any changes successive custodians made to the resource.
Aquest document és còpia digital de l'original custodiat a l'Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2005-07-08
EAD Archive
The Encoded Archival Description is a common standard used to describe collections of small pieces and to create hierarchical and structured finding aids.
Level
The hierarchical level of the materials being described by the element (may be other level too).
Document
Discursos i conferències